The article reviews works on the treatment of patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis is common in 10-13% of the population, but only 13-22% develop symptoms of the disease and complications. The article examines how views on the problem of treatment of cholelithiasis have been changing with the introduction of new technologies: ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity, which made it possible to identify a significant number of patients with cholelithiasis. The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly facilitated surgical treatment for the patient and allowed to expand the indications for cholecystectomy.

At the moment, there are different points of view on the need for surgical treatment of cholelithiasis. Some consider that cholecystomy is the only method of treating patients with cholelithiasis. However, most authors believe that in asymptomatic cholelithiasis, a wait-and-see tactic is more justified, and even extend this tactic to patients with a previous episode of cholecystitis.

Among asymptomatic patients with cholelithiasis, there are groups of patients with a high risk of complications for whom surgical treatment is justified: Porcelain gallbladder, macro- and micro-lithiasis, multiple gallstones, disconnected gallbladder, hemolytic anemia. Besides, the necessity of cholecystectomy in patients with gallstones undergoing surgery on abdominal organs for another disease is also being discussed.

Dividing patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis into those for whom surgical treatment is preferable and those who are sufficiently monitored will reduce the number of complications of cholelithiasis and reduce the burden on Healthcare. However further clinical studies are needed to determine the treatment tactics for some groups of patients.

Introduction. The urgency of the problem of early diagnosis of nodular formations of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland) is due to their very wide spread. With ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland, the primary detectability of nodular formations according to different authors can vary from 11 to 40 %. At the same time, among all thyroid diseases, thyroid cancer in the Russian Federation is 31,4 %.  

Research methods. In order to widely cover the population of the city of Moscow with measures aimed at early detection (screening) of complications after a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, as well as chronic non-communicable diseases and risk factors for their development, in accordance with the order of the Department of Health of the City of Moscow dated April 22, 2022 No. 399 "On conducting preventive examinations of the adult population in In 2022, 46 Healthy Moscow pavilions were organized in park zones, squares, recreation areas of the city of Moscow.  One of the Pavilions is deployed on the territory of the VDNH Park, in 2022, a preventive examination is carried out from May 11, daily from 8.00 to 20.00, without days off and lunch breaks.  

Discussion. The key direction of the preventive examination in the pavilion is the early detection of thyroid nodules, carried out by means of a special questionnaire (identification of the risk of development), physical examination, including palpation of the thyroid gland, regional lymph nodes, and ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland when abnormalities are detected.  The article presents information on the number and structure of those who underwent preventive examination in the pavilion in the period from 11.05.2022 to 31.07.2022, including the number and structure of patients with deviations in the results of the examination of the thyroid gland.  

Conclusions. The structure of the identified thyroid nodules is analyzed in accordance with modern classification concepts, the role of preventive examination in the pavilion "Healthy Moscow" in the early diagnosis of thyroid nodules is demonstrated, the need for improving diagnostic screening is suggested.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that recently much attention has been paid to the recruitment of personnel to work in research centers based on medical organizations in Moscow.  

The purpose of this study is to find candidates for research centers based on medical organizations and analyze their further adaptation when approved for the position.  As the main sources were used: Lapochkina S.V. "Complex approach to professional personnel selection", Stolyarov S.A. "Management in health care".  

Materials and methods: a method of systematization, generalization and synthesis of the studied material on the chosen topic of the article.  

The conclusions allow us to form a special opinion about the relevance of recruiting in modern medicine as a degree of scientific contribution to the personnel reserve in this area. The results of the study are that the candidate for the position was found, also the process of his adaptation at the new workplace was analyzed

Introduction. Prostate cancer (prostate cancer) ranks second in the list of all oncological diseases in men in the world. Thus taking the fifth place among the causes of death of the male population. Differences in the frequency of cases worldwide are due to differences in the use of diagnostic tests. The widespread introduction into clinical practice of screening, including the determination of the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), finger rectal examination (PRI) and transrectal or transabdominal ultrasound examination, contributed to an even greater increase in the number of newly detected cases of prostate cancer at an early stage.  

Materials and methods. In 2019, we initiated and launched a prospective multicenter study in 13 medical and preventive institutions.  

Results and discussion. As part of the ongoing study, data from 2,570 patients were analyzed, who simultaneously underwent both a standard 12-point biopsy and a targeted biopsy under the control of a GP. Technological breakthrough and progressive development of medical technologies have led to the modernization of modern methods of visualization of pelvic organs, allowing the introduction of a new, alternative and minimally invasive method of cancer diagnosis – prostate histoscanning. The published results of clinical studies have shown that histoscanning of the prostate gland has great potential in the diagnosis of cancer, as it helps both in choosing a treatment method and in planning the course of further surgery, as well as in the follow-up of patients.  

Conclusion. The results of a prospective study collected at the time of writing confirm the high efficiency and safety of the prostate biopsy method using histoscanning.

Chronic arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities (CAODLE) account for up to 20% of the total volume of cardiovascular pathology. The human and economic costs of this disease are very high.  

The main principle of the treatment of Chronic arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities is the continuity and use of all available pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment, which are aimed at reducing the risk of developing any complication from the cardiovascular system, progression of lower limb ischemia, as well as eliminating its clinical manifestations – intermittent lameness. Thanks to modern and affordable diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound duplex vascular scanning (USDS), there are more and more opportunities for early detection of asymptomatic course of obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremities. For patients with CAODLE, long-term antiplatelet therapy, smoking cessation, lipid-lowering therapy, as well as diabetes and hypertension therapy are recommended. The article shows that in the world evidence base there is more and more data on the effective use of statins, cilostosal and combined antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy after surgical treatment. The introduction of these treatments remains a challenge due to the high cost and burden of polypragmasia and requires further research.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a risk factor for inflammation-related dysplasia or colitis-related dysplasia (colitis-associated dysplasia - CAD). This transformation is the result of chronic inflammation, which causes changes in the proliferation, survival and migration of the epithelium through the induction of chemokines and cytokines. There are noticeable differences in the profiles of genetic mutations between CAD in patients with UC and colorectal cancer (CRC) in the general population. Colonoscopy is the leading method of observation and treatment of dysplasia in these patients. There are several methods to improve the quality of endoscopy for better detection of dysplastic or tumor lesions, including the use of high-definition white light examination and colonoscopy with improved image. Recommendations on clinical practice regarding strategies for monitoring UC have been proposed by various gastrointestinal communities, and in general there is agreement between them - if dysplasia is detected, if possible, endoscopic removal of the altered tissue site should be performed. Advanced methods such as endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection were used in the treatment of CAD. However, at the moment, surgical treatment remains the main method of treating such lesions, and in this case, when endoscopic resection is not possible, surgical treatment in the volume of coloprotectomy with subsequent formation of a small intestinal reservoir and ileoanal anastomosis is recommended.

Introduction. The growth of cardiovascular diseases is observed in all developed countries of the world and requires close attention to the prevention and effective treatment of heart and vascular diseases.  

Materials and methods. As part of the Moscow City Health project, it was decided to conduct a medical examination of the adult population of Moscow. The study included patients of different ages from 18 to 75 years and older with proven risk factors for hypertension.

Results. The study included 96 patients, 35 of whom were men, 61 women. Our task was to consider such risk factors as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, the presence of changes on the ECG as part of the medical examination of the adult population in the Healthy Moscow pavilions for early detection of complications of arterial hypertension.  

Discussion of the results. The new data obtained necessitate the wider use of modern non-invasive research methods to assess the risk factors for target organ damage.  

Conclusions. The obtained results of the study confirm the great clinical importance of conducting dispensary observation of the adult population for early detection of risk factors for the development of CVD.

Introduction (relevance). The increase in COVID-19 cases worldwide, since the end of January 2020, has required the development, as soon as possible, of a safe and effective vaccine against a new SARS-CoV-2 infection. Scientists of the «N.F. Gamalei Institute» have created and registered the world's first vaccine aimed at preventing the development of COVID-19 - Gam-COVID-Vac. The study was carried out as part of the project of the Department of Health of the city of Moscow "Scientific laboratory" Moscow polyclinic "".  Purpose: assess the necessity and effectiveness of the telemedicine consultation system within the framework of the conducted clinical trial of the Gam-Covid-Vac vaccine  

Materials and methods. In order to estimate the effectiveness, safety and immunogenicity of the Gam-Covid-Vac vaccine, in September 2020 the Moscow City Health Department established Research Centers on the basis of 20 polyclinics. The main tasks of the research centers were the selection of healthy volunteers, in the number of 40,000 people, and screening, randomization and prospective observation of them. The duration of participation in the study of one subject was 180 + 14 days. To assess the health status of volunteers, 5 scheduled visits to a research doctor were conducted. The subjects of the study could also talk with a doctor distantly, assist of telemedicine consultations. For this purpose, a Telemedicine Center was created under the management of the Department of Health of the city of Moscow. Special algorithms have been developed for doctors conducting telemedicine consultations with clear and understandable mechanisms of interaction with the patient. The information received from the subject was filled in the electronic diary of the volunteer by the doctor, and also treatment tactics were determined.  

Results. During the study with the assistance of telemedicine technologies, more than 425,000 distance consultations were carried out. Distant consultations showed high productivity and significantly affected the reliability of the information obtained on the health status of subjects.  

Conclusions. It is difficult to overestimate the participation of the Telemedicine Center of the Moscow City Health Department in the framework of the conducted clinical study. Telemedicine consultations have significantly facilitated the work of doctors of Research Centers. They made it possible to real time present, an objective health situation of the clinical trial volunteer.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common conditions affecting middle-aged men. Up to 15–25% of men aged 50 to 65 years have symptoms of the lower urinary tract (LUP), which are usually associated with benign growth of prostate tissue. Although LUTs are often associated with BPH, LUTs can also be caused by various unrelated syndromes, such as heart failure, urinary tract infections, and diabetes mellitus. This article provides a review of publications on the topic of modern and current methods of treatment of prostate hyperplasia, as well as an analysis of their effectiveness and safety. The emergence of a large number of surgical methods for the treatment of prostate hyperplasia predetermined the search for the most effective and safe of them. The data of a prospective, comparative study conducted by us at the Department of Urology of the Moscow State Medical University named after A.I. Evdokimov on the basis of the State Medical University named after S.I. Spasokukotsky allowed us to summarize that all the methods of surgical treatment of BPH presented in this article have demonstrated their effectiveness, but, at the same time, only the methods of tulium enucleation and TURP allow the operation to be performed endoscopically, preserving the integrity of the skin, safely and radically.