Acute mesenteric ischemia. Possibilities of early diagnostics. Literature review
https://doi.org/10.17238/2072-3180-2025-3-238-245
Abstract
The article is devoted to the urgent problem of early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI), which is characterized by high lethality (50–80 %) and difficulty of timely detection. The main causes of AMI development are: Arterial occlusion (embolism, thrombosis); Venous thrombosis; Non-occlusive ischemia. The key risk factors are: Cardiovascular diseases; Blood coagulation disorders.
It is fundamentally important to detect pathology as early as possible - in the first 6 hours from the onset of the disease, when the probability of a favorable outcome is 70–80 %.
The article details the clinical manifestations of OMI, laboratory markers and instrumental methods of diagnosis. The clinical picture is characterized by a gradual increase in symptoms: from moderate abdominal pain to the development of peritonitis. The peculiarity is the absence of pathognomonic signs, which significantly complicates timely diagnosis. Special attention is paid to CT-angiography as the most informative method of visualization with sensitivity 85–98 % and specificity 91–100 %. Modern approaches to the interpretation of laboratory parameters such as leukocyte count, lactate and D-dimer levels are presented.
Despite significant advances in modern medicine, the lethality of AMI remains high and reaches 50–80 %, which emphasizes the need for continuous improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
About the Authors
E. K. Sharov
Department of Faculty Surgery № 2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sharov Egor Konstantinovich – postgraduate student
127006, Russia, Moscow, Dolgorukovskaya st., 4
A. A. Pankratov
Department of Faculty Surgery № 2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Pankratov Aleksey Aleksandrovich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor
127006, Russia, Moscow, Dolgorukovskaya st., 4
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For citations:
Sharov E.K., Pankratov A.A. Acute mesenteric ischemia. Possibilities of early diagnostics. Literature review. Moscow Surgical Journal. 2025;(3):238-245. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17238/2072-3180-2025-3-238-245
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