THE CREATIVE PATH OF ACADEMICIAN A.V. MELNIKOV (1889-1958) (TO THE 130TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE SCIENTIST'S BIRTH)

The article presents the main scientific and practical achievements of Professor A.V. Melnikov. Little-known facts from the life of the scientist are highlighted. It is shown that A.V. Melnikov in different years worked in clinics under the leadership of outstanding professors V.N. Shevkunenko andS.P. Fedorov. In 1920 he defended his doctoral dissertation on "surgical anatomy of the costal-diaphragmatic sinus". It is noted that in 1928 he organized in Ukraine the first cancer clinic in the Soviet Union. During the great Patriotic war, he headed the work of large specialized hospitals for the wounded in the abdomen. It is emphasized that A.V. Melnikov has published more than 120 scientific works, including 11 monographs. He developed one of the methods of opening the subdiaphragmal space without damage to the pleura, which has not lost its practical significance in our days. He proposed a test for the early diagnosis of anaerobic infection of the extremities ("embedding ligature"), which entered the medical literature as the " Melnikov test»; original methods of extraperitoneal closure of tubular and lip-shaped fistulas after gunshot wounds of the abdominal cavity have been developed. A.V. Melnikov was one of the first to develop the doctrine of precancerous stomach and summarized it in the monographs "Clinic of gastric cancer" (1950) and "Clinic of precancerous diseases of the stomach" (1954). It is noted that in 1955 at the International Congress of surgeons in Denmark he made a keynote speech on liver resections.A.V. Melnikov was an honorary member of the Ukrainian society of oncologists (1956), Leningrad (1952) and Kuibyshev (1954) societies of surgeons. Alexander Vasilyevich's services to the Fatherland were highly appreciated by the government of the Soviet Union. It is noted that in different years he was awarded the orders of the red banner, the red banner of Labor, the red Star and medals

«Клиника рака желудка», «Клиника предопухолевых заболеваний желудка», «проба Мельникова», A.V. Melnikov, biography, "gastric cancer Clinic", "Clinic of precancerous diseases of the stomach", "Melnikov's test", lymph flow from the stomach, gastric resection, Oncology of Ukraine