Possibilities of regulating autograft survival during transplantation

Intoduction. One of the key tasks of tissue transplantation during surgical interventions is to ensure its viability in the recipient area. In this regard, all stages of surgical intervention, including the collection, processing and implantation of the graft, should be aimed at the maximum preservation of its structural and functional properties. Modern researches demonstrate high perspectivity of using autologous adipose tissue both for regenerative and volume-forming purposes within the framework of reconstructive surgeries.
The purpose of the study. To evaluate the potential of various artificial solutions for temporary preservation of autologous fat grafts in order to enhance their viability and maintain cellular integrity, as well as to provide a scientific rationale for further experimental and clinical research in this field.
Materials and methods of research. For comparison, 3 adipose tissue samples were taken and placed in solutions with different chemical contents for each group (0,9 % NaCl solution, 0,5 % glucose solution, and 15 % dimethyloxobutylphosphonyl dimethylate solution). Then, they were aged for 5 h and the ionic composition was evaluated by low vacuum electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectral analysis (EDX) using EDAX TEAM software.
Treatment results. The study quantified the intracellular content of Na′ and K′ ions in adipocytes incubated in different solutions. According to electron microscopy and spectral analysis, it was found that in samples treated with 0,9 % NaCl solution, there was a significant accumulation of sodium and chlorine ions both on the surface and inside the cells. This was accompanied by disturbance of ionic balance. The best ratio was observed in samples treated with 15 % dimethyloxobutylphosphonyl dimethylate solution.
Conclusion. By modifying the chemical composition of the solution containing adipose tissue, it is possible to increase the viability of cells and reduce their sensitivity to unfavorable external influences in the process of transplantation. Addition of components stabilizing cell membranes, antioxidants and ionic regulators to the solution contributes to the reduction of apoptosis, maintenance of osmotic balance and improvement of metabolic stability of cells, which leads to the conclusion that further research in this area is necessary. Such adaptation of microenvironment creates more favorable conditions for autograft engraftment, promotes preservation of its functional integrity and realization of adipose tissue potential in the recipient area.

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