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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2025-2-192-199</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-979</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка фиброзно-склеротических изменений в щитовидной железе с позиции хирурга. Часть 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The surgeon’s estimation of fibrosis-sclerotic alteration in the thyroid. Part 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3844-1632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семиков</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semikov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семиков Василий Иванович – профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии № 2 им. Г.И. Лукомского, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>119047, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая 8–2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semikov Vasily Ivanovich – Professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery №2 named after G.I. Lukomski, MD, Professor. </p><p>Trubetskaya str., 8–2, Moscow, 119047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Semik61@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-1543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrov</surname><given-names>Y. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александров Юрий Константинович – профессор кафедры хирургических болезней с курсом эндокринной хирургии им. Н.П. Пампутиса, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>150000, г. Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandrov Yuri Konstantinovich – Professor of the Department of Surgical Diseases with a course in endocrine Surgery named after N.P. Pamputis, MD, Professor.</p><p>Revolutsionnaya str., 5, Yaroslavl, 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yka2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-1601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шулутко</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulutko</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шулутко Александр Михайлович – профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии № 2 им. Г.И. Лукомского, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>119047, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая 8–2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shulutko Alexandr Mikhailovich – Professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery № 2 named after G.I. Lukomski, MD, Professor. </p><p>Trubetskaya str., 8–2, Moscow, 119047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Shulutko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-3054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боблак</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boblak</surname><given-names>J. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боблак Юлия Александровна – ассистент кафедры факультетской хирургии № 2 им. Г.И. Лукомского.</p><p>119047, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая 8–2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boblak Julia Alexandrovna – Assistant of the Department of Faculty Surgery No. 2 named after G.I. Lukomsky.</p><p>119047, Moscow, st. Trubetskaya 8–2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Julia.boblak@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>192</fpage><lpage>199</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семиков В.И., Александров Ю.К., Шулутко А.М., Боблак Ю.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семиков В.И., Александров Ю.К., Шулутко А.М., Боблак Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semikov V.I., Aleksandrov Y.K., Shulutko A.M., Boblak J.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/979">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/979</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В ряде случаев интраоперационная оценка патологического процесса в щитовидной железе затруднена. Фиброзно-склеротические изменения щитовидной железы могут встречаться при ее доброкачественных и злокачественных новообразованиях. Неспецифичность изменений создает трудности для окончательного решения вопроса о выборе объема оперативного вмешательства. Цель исследования. Оценить по литературным данным клиническое значение фиброзно-склеротических изменений щитовидной железы. Материалы и методы. Поиск литературных источников в базе данных E-library по ключевым словам: “фиброз”, “склероз”, “кальциноз”, “гиалиноз” в связке со словосочетанием “щитовидная железа”. Результаты. При заболеваниях щитовидной железы часто наблюдается прогрессивное увеличение стромального соединительнотканного компонента. Появление фиброза и гиалиноза при доброкачественных заболеваниях щитовидной железы является фактором риска развития гипотиреоза, при злокачественных опухолях расценивается как одно из проявлений агрессивности опухоли. Существует группа системных заболеваний, при которых щитовидная железа является одним из «органов-мишеней» при мультифокальных поражениях с формированием необратимых очагов фиброза и склероза. Факт выявления фиброзно-склеротических изменений в щитовидной железе нельзя считать обязательным признаком злокачественного процесса. Однако их обнаружение является дополнительным фактором для принятия во время операции решения о радикализации оперативного вмешательства. Заключение. В ряде случаев при наличии локального и распространенного фиброза ЩЖ решение вопроса об объеме вмешательства хирург должен принимать во время операции, в том числе применяя интраоперационное УЗИ, помня о сложности и неоднозначности оценки таких очаговых образований ЩЖ на дооперационном этапе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Intraoperative macroscopic assessment of thyroid diseases is difficult. Fibrosclerotic alterations in the thyroid gland may be found in its benign diseases as well as in malignant neoplasms. The non-specificity of these alterations creates difficulties for the final decision on the extent of surgery. The purpose of the study. To evaluate the clinical significance of fibrosclerotic alterations in the thyroid gland based on literature data. Materials and methods of research. Search for literature data in the E-library database using the keywords “fibrosis”, “sclerosis”, “calcification”, “hyalinosis”, “thyroid gland". Treatment results. Increase of the thyroid stromal connective tissue is a frequent reason for macroscopically seen structural changes and hormonal shifts. The fibrosis and hyalinosis in benign thyroid diseases is a factor for hypothyroidism. The fibrosis, hyalinosis, sclerosis and calcification are the signs of an irreversible transformation with a high probability of tumor and probably is a risk factor of its aggressiveness. Nevertheless, fibrosclerotic alterations in the thyroid gland is not an obligatory sign of a malignant process. Moreover, on morphological examination the process often turns out to be benign. However, the presence of fibrosclerotic alterations is an additional factor for making a decision about the increase of the extent of surgery. Conclusion. Modern diagnostic methods make it possible to diagnose thyroid disease morphologically with a high degree of accuracy before surgery. However, in the presence of local or widespread thyroid fibrosis, the surgeon must decide a question about the extent of surgery intraoperatively. The intraoperative ultrasound examination can facilitate this task.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>фиброз</kwd><kwd>склероз</kwd><kwd>кальциноз</kwd><kwd>гиалиноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid gland</kwd><kwd>fibrosis</kwd><kwd>sclerosis</kwd><kwd>calcification</kwd><kwd>hyalinosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боташева В.С., Калоева А.А., Эркенова Л.Д. Оценка пролиферативной активности тиреоицитов при узловом зобе. Фундаментальные исследования, 2015. № (1)4. С. 699–703.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Botasheva V.S., Kaloeva A.A., Erkenova L.D. Assessment of proliferative activity of thyroid cells in nodular goiter. 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