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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2024-3-176-184</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-830</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нисходящий медиастинит: современное состояние проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Descending mediastinitis: current state of the problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-8498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анипченко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anipchenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анипченко Алексей Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры торакальной хирургии,</p><p>127006, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anipchenko Alexey Nikolaevich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Thoracic Surgery,</p><p>4, Dolgorukovskaya st., Moscow, 127006.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dottor.aleks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-0475</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аллахвердян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Allakhverdyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аллахвердян Александр Сергеевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой торакальной хирургии,</p><p>127006, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Allahverdyan Alexander Sergeevich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Thoracic Surgery,</p><p>4, Dolgorukovskaya st., Moscow, 127006.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">allakhverdyan@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5386-1336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аллахвердян</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Allakhverdyan</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аллахвердян Наталья Николаевна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии,</p><p>127006, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Allahverdyan Natalya Nikolaevna – Candidate of Medical Sciences, anesthesiologist-resuscitator of the Department of Anesthesiology,</p><p>4, Dolgorukovskaya st., Moscow, 127006.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dottor.na@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Medicine” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университетская клиника ФГБУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University Clinic of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Medicine” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>184</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Анипченко А.Н., Аллахвердян А.С., Аллахвердян Н.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Анипченко А.Н., Аллахвердян А.С., Аллахвердян Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anipchenko A.N., Allakhverdyan A.S., Allakhverdyan N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/830">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/830</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Медиастинит – асептический или микробный воспалительный процесс в клетчатке средостения, который может протекать остро или хронически. Нисходящий медиастинит – воспаление клетчатки средостения с первичным фокусом инфекции в области головы и шеи, которая, спускаясь вниз по фасциальным пространствам, распространяется на структуры средостения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Обзор доказательной базы по диагностике и лечению нисходящего медиастинита.</p><p>Материалы и методы исследования. Литературный поиск первичных научных исследований по нисходящему медиастиниту проведен на русском, английском и немецком языках в электронных библиотеках eLIBRARY, Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek, the Cochrane Library и биомедицинской базе данных PubMed.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Существует три основных фасциальных пути, по которым инфекция из полости рта или области шеи могут достичь средостения: претрахеальный, латерофарингеальный и заглоточный. Около 70 % случаев – это заглоточный путь. Летальность при нисходящем медиастините достигает 40 %. На основе данных компьютерной томографии, выделяют очаговый (I тип) и диффузный (II тип) нисходящий медиастинит. Клинические проявления заболевания неспецифичны и схожи с другими системными инфекциями и септическими состояниями. Основное лечение состоит из антибиотикотерапии и хирургической санации очага инфекции. Выбор хирургического доступа зависит от типа нисходящего медиастинита и опыта хирурга. До сих пор имеются разногласия относительно хирургических методов лечения и продолжительности антибиотикотерапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Поскольку нисходящий медиастинит является потенциально жизнеугрожающим состоянием, его всегда следует рассматривать как чрезвычайную ситуацию.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Mediastinitis is an aseptic or microbial inflammatory process in the mediastinal tissue, which can occur acutely or chronically. Descending mediastinitis is an inflammation of the mediastinal tissue with the primary focus of infection in the head and neck area, which, going down through the fascial spaces, spreads to the structures of the mediastinum.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. Review of the evidence base for the diagnosis and treatment of descending mediastinitis.</p><p>Materials and methods of research. A literature search of primary scientific studies on descending mediastinitis was conducted in Russian, English and German in the electronic libraries eLIBRARY, Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek, the Cochrane Library and the biomedical database PubMed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. There are three main fascial routes through which infection from the oral cavity or neck region can reach the mediastinum: pretracheal, lateropharyngeal and retropharyngeal. About 70% of cases are the retropharyngeal route. Mortality with descending mediastinitis reaches 40%. Based on computed tomography data, focal (type I) and diffuse (type II) descending mediastinitis are distinguished. The clinical manifestations of the disease are nonspecific and are similar to other systemic infections and septic conditions. The main treatment consists of antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement of the source of infection. The choice of surgical approach depends on the type of descending mediastinitis and the experience of the surgeon. There is still controversy regarding surgical treatment methods and the duration of antibiotic therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Because descending mediastinitis is a potentially life-threatening condition, it should always be considered an emergency.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нисходящий медиастинит</kwd><kwd>одонтогенный медиастинит</kwd><kwd>острый медиастинит</kwd><kwd>медиастинотомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>descending mediastinitis</kwd><kwd>odontogenic mediastinitis</kwd><kwd>acute mediastinitis</kwd><kwd>mediastinotomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pearse H.E. Mediastinitis following cervical suppuration. 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