<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2024-1-61-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-758</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кахексия и саркопения как предиктивные факторы при раке желудка: обсервационное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cachexia and Sarcopenia as Predictive Factors in Patients With Gastric Cancer: Observational Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-3591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лядов</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyadov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лядов Владимир Константинович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры онкологии и паллиативной медицины имени академика А.И. Савицкого, заведующий отделением онкологии № 4 Онкологического центра № 1, заведующий кафедрой онкологии</p><p>125993, г. Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, строение 1</p><p>115446, г. Москва, Загородное шоссе, 18А</p><p>654005, г. Новокузнецк, проспект строителей, дом 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyadov Vladimir Konstantinovich – PhD, Professor at the Chair of Oncology and Palliative Medicine named after Academician A.I. Savitsky, Head of Division of Oncology № 4, Cancer Center № 1, head of the Chair of Oncology</p><p>2/1 Barrikadnaya st., Building 1, Moscow, 125993</p><p>18А Zagorodnoe road, Moscow, 117152</p><p>5 Stroiteley avenue, Novokuznetsk, 654005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlyadov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-7367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоринов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorinov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федоринов Денис Сергеевич – врач-онколог отделения химиотерапии № 1 Онкологического центра №1, старший лаборант кафедры онкологии и паллиативной медицины имени академика И.А.Савицкого</p><p>115446, г. Москва, ул. Дурова 26</p><p>25993, г. Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, строение 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedorinov Denis Sergeevich – Oncologist of the Division of chemotherapy № 1, Cancer Center № 1, senior Laboratory Assistant at the Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine named after Academician A.I. Savitsky</p><p>6 Durova str., Moscow, 117152</p><p>2/1 Barrikadnaya st., Building 1, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">deni_fe@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5577-5810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стаценко</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Statsenko</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стаценко Ярослава Александровна – врач-онколог отделения онкологии и гематологии</p><p>143421, Московская область, г.о. Красногорск, д. Глухово, ул. Рублевское предместье, д. 2/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Statsenko Yaroslava Alexandrovna – oncologist, Oncology and Hematology Department</p><p>2/2 Rublevskoepredmest’est., Glukhovo, Krasnogorsk, Moscow region,  143421 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">statsenko.y.a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лядова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyadova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лядова Марина Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением химиотерапии № 1 Онкологического центра №1, ассистент кафедры онкологии</p><p>115446, г. Москва, ул. Дурова 26</p><p>654005, г. Новокузнецк, проспект строителей, дом 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyadova Marina Alexandrovna – PhD, Head of the Division of chemotherapy № 1, Cancer Center № 1, Assistant at the Chair of Oncology</p><p>26 Durova str., Moscow, 117152</p><p>5 Stroiteley avenue, Novokuznetsk, 654005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.lyadova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-6637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдырева</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldyreva</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Болдырева Татьяна Сергеевна – врач-онколог отделения онкологии №4 Онкологического центра № 1 </p><p>115446, г. Москва, Загородное шоссе 18А </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boldyreva Tatyana Sergeevna – Oncologist of the Division of oncology №4, Cancer Center № 1</p><p>18А, Zagorodnoe road, Moscow, 117152</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dikovatatyanasergeevna@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-6179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галкин Всеволод Николаевич– доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный врач</p><p>115446, г. Москва, Коломенский проезд, 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galkin Vsevolod Nikolaevich – PhD, Professor, Chief Medical Officer</p><p>4 Kolomenskii proezd, Moscow, 115446 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galkin_v_n_1@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы» ; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России ; Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствования врачей – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «РМАНПО» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Moscow State Clinical Oncology Hospital № 1 of the Moscow Healthcare Department ; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education ; Novokuznetsk State Medical Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы» ; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Moscow State Clinical Oncology Hospital № 1 of the Moscow Healthcare Department ; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ильинская больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ilyinskaya Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы» ; Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствования врачей – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «РМАНПО» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Moscow State Clinical Oncology Hospital № 1 of the Moscow Healthcare Department ; Novokuznetsk State Medical Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Moscow State Clinical Oncology Hospital № 1 of the Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лядов В.К., Федоринов Д.С., Стаценко Я.А., Лядова М.А., Болдырева Т.С., Галкин В.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лядов В.К., Федоринов Д.С., Стаценко Я.А., Лядова М.А., Болдырева Т.С., Галкин В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyadov V.K., Fedorinov D.S., Statsenko Y.A., Lyadova M.A., Boldyreva T.S., Galkin V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/758">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/758</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Актуальность. Проведение комбинированного лечения при раке желудка нередко затруднено пожилым возрастом пациентов, наличием тяжелых сопутствующих заболеваний, проявлениями нутритивной недостаточности, которые могут приводить к развитию кахексии и/или саркопении.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить распространенность кахексии и саркопении при раке желудка и оценить их взаимосвязь с непосредственными результатами лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнена ретро-проспективная оценка кахексии и саркопении по клинико-рентгенологическим критериям у 225 пациентов и их связь с развитием осложнений лечения. Средний возраст пациентов составил 66,3±10,5 лет. Группа 1 включала 116 пациентов, получавших лекарственную терапию, в группу 2 вошли 109 пациентов, перенесших плановые резекции желудка и гастрэктомии по поводу рака. Наличие саркопении определяли по пороговым значениям для площади скелетной мускулатуры на уровне III поясничного позвонка. Для этого анализировали данные КТ органов брюшной полости, выполненной перед началом лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Кахексия отмечалась у 75,9 % пациентов. Саркопения по критериям Prado выявлена у 76,8 % мужчин и 56,3 % женщин, по критериям Martin у 60,8 % мужчин и 68,9 % женщин, по критериям EWGSOP2 у 30,4 % мужчин и 28,7% женщин. Саркопеническое ожирение отмечено у 6,2% пациентов. В группе 1 отмечена корреляция между наличием саркопении и развитием астении (р=0,003), а также тошноты и рвоты (р=0,027) после 1 курса ХТ. В группе 2 отмечена корреляция между наличием саркопении по критериям Prado и послеоперационной летальностью (р=0,024). Наличие у пациента саркопенического ожирения повышало вероятность развития тяжелых послеоперационных осложнений (p=0,033) и летальных исходов(p=0,005)</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. При раке желудка кахексия и саркопения выявляются более чем у половины пациентов до начала противоопухолевого лечения, при этом являясь неблагоприятными факторами прогноза по развитию астении в процессе лекарственной терапии и летального исхода после операции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Gastric cancer commonly develops in elderly comorbid patients with nutritional impairments, with all those factors leading to the development of cachexia and/or sarcopenia.</p></sec><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study. To evaluate the prevalence of cachexia and sarcopenia in patients with gastric cancer and their correlation with complications of the treatment.</p><p>Materials and methods of research. We conducted a retro-prospective study including 225 patients: mean age was 66,3±10,5 years. Group 1 included 116 patients who got chemotherapy, Group 2 included 109 patients undergoing gastrectomy. Sarcopenia was defined according to pre-specified cut-offs based on semi-automated CT scan calculation of skeletal muscle at the L3 level. CT scans were obtained not more than 30 days before the beginning of the treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Cachexia was encountered in 75,9 % of patients. Sarcopenia according to Prado cut-offs was found in 76,8 % male and 56,3 % female, according to Martin cut-offs in 60,8 % male and 68,9 % female and according to EWGSOP2 criteria in 30,4 % male and 28,7 % female patients. Sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed in 6,2 % patients. We found a positive correlation between the presence of sarcopenia and asthenia (р=0,003) as well as nausea and vomiting (р=0,027) after the 1st line of chemotherapy in Group 1. Also a correlation between the presence of sarcopenia (Prado cut-offs) and post-operative mortality was found (р=0,024). Sarcopenic obesity increased the rate of severe complications (p=0,033) as well as mortality (p=0,005) in Group 2.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Cachexia and sarcopenia develop in more than a half of gastric cancer patients before the beginning of the treatment. Those factors increase both the rate of asthenia during chemotherapy and severe complications after surgery.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>кахексия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>cachexia</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилась в рамках гранта Российского научного фонда №20-75-10158 «Фармакогенетические и фармакокинетические подходы к химиотерапии опухолей желудочно-кишечного тракта на основе анализа состава тела».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was partly supported by Russian Research Fund Grant №20-75-10158 “Body composition based pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic approach to the chemotherapy of gastrointestinal tumours”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CACancer J Clin, 2021, № 71(3), рр. 209–249.https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CACancer J Clin, 2021, № 71(3), рр. 209–249.https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, А.О. Шахзадовой. Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2021 году. М. : МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена − филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2022. 239 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprin A.D., Starinskiy V.V., Shakhzadova A.O. State of oncological care for the population of Russoa in 2021. Moscow: P.A. Herzen Moscow Scientific and Research Oncological Institute, 2022, pр. 239. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fearon K., Strasser F., Anker S.D., Bosaeus I., Bruera E., Fainsinger R.L., Jatoi A., Loprinzi C., MacDonald N., Mantovani G., Davis M., Muscaritoli M., Ottery F., Radbruch L., Ravasco P., Walsh D., Wilcock A., Kaasa S., Baracos V.E. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol., 2011, № 12(5), pp. 489–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70218-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fearon K., Strasser F., Anker S.D., Bosaeus I., Bruera E., Fainsinger R.L., Jatoi A., Loprinzi C., MacDonald N., Mantovani G., Davis M., Muscaritoli M., Ottery F., Radbruch L., Ravasco P., Walsh D., Wilcock A., Kaasa S., Baracos V.E. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol., 2011, № 12(5), pp. 489–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70218-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishigori T., Obama K., Sakai Y. Assessment of body composition and impact of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients with gastric cancer. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2020, № 5, pр. 22. https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh.2019.10.13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishigori T., Obama K., Sakai Y. Assessment of body composition and impact of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients with gastric cancer. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol., 2020, № 5, pр. 22. https://doi.org/10.21037/tgh.2019.10.13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J.S., Kim Y.S., Kim E.Y., Jin W. Prognostic significance of CTdetermined sarcopenia in patients with advanced gastric cancer. PLoSOne, 2018, № 13(8), pp. 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202700</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J.S., Kim Y.S., Kim E.Y., Jin W. Prognostic significance of CTdetermined sarcopenia in patients with advanced gastric cancer. PLoSOne, 2018, № 13(8), pp. 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202700</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruz-Jentoft A.J., Bahat G., Bauer J., Boirie Y., Bruyère O., Cederholm T., Cooper C., Landi F., Rolland Y., Sayer A.A., Schneider S.M., Sieber C.C., Topinkova E., Vandewoude M., Visser M., Zamboni M. Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing, 2019, № 48(1), pp. 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruz-Jentoft A.J., Bahat G., Bauer J., Boirie Y., Bruyère O., Cederholm T., Cooper C., Landi F., Rolland Y., Sayer A.A., Schneider S.M., Sieber C.C., Topinkova E., Vandewoude M., Visser M., Zamboni M. Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing, 2019, № 48(1), pp. 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mourtzakis M., Prado C.M., Lieffers J.R., Reiman T., McCargar L.J., Baracos V.E. A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care. ApplPhysiolNutrMetab., 2008, № 33(5), pp. 997–1006. https://doi.org/10.1139/H08-075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mourtzakis M., Prado C.M., Lieffers J.R., Reiman T., McCargar L.J., Baracos V.E. A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care. ApplPhysiolNutrMetab., 2008, № 33(5), pp. 997–1006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касаткина Е.А., Лядов В.К., Мершина Е.А., Синицын В.Е. Методы лучевой диагностики в оценке состава тела человека. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии, 2013. № 2. С. 59–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">KasatkinaE.A., LyadovV.K., MershinaE.A., Sinitsyn V.E. Radiodiagnostic methods in the assessment of human body composition. Vestnikrentgenologii I radiologii. 2013, № 2, pp. 59–64. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лядов В.К., Козырин И.А., Коваленко З.А. Опыт радикальных онкологических вмешательств на желудке, печени и поджелудочной железе у пациентов в возрасте 80 лет и старше. Хирургия, 2017. № 2. С. 54–58. https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia2017254-58</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LyadovV.K., KozyrinI.A., KovalenkoZ.A. Radicalstomach, liver and pancreas cancersurgeryinpatients over 80 years old. Khirurgiia, 2017, № 2, рр. 54–58. https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia2017254-58 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лядов В.К., Козырин И.А., Коваленко З.А. Результаты радикального хирургического лечения рака желудка у больных старческого возраста. Вопросы онкологии, 2016. № 3. С. 29–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LyadovV.K., KozyrinI.A., KovalenkoZ.A. The results of radicalcancer surgery intheelderly patients with cancerofthestomach. Voprosyonkologii, 2016, № 3, рр. 29–36. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dindo D., Demartines N., Clavien P.A. Classification of Surgical Complications:A New Proposal with Evaluation in a Cohort of 6336 Patients and Results of a Survey. Annals of Surgery, 2004, № 240(2), pp. 205– 213. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dindo D., Demartines N., Clavien P.A. Classification of Surgical Complications:A New Proposal with Evaluation in a Cohort of 6336 Patients and Results of a Survey. Annals of Surgery, 2004, № 240(2), pp. 205– 213. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prado C.M., Lieffers J.R., McCargar L.J., Reiman T., Sawyer M.B., Martin L., BaracosV.E.. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol, 2008, № 9(7), pp.629–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70153-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prado C.M., Lieffers J.R., McCargar L.J., Reiman T., Sawyer M.B., Martin L., BaracosV.E.. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenicobesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol, 2008, № 9(7), pp.629–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70153-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin L., Birdsell L., Macdonald N., Reiman T.,Clandinin M.T.,McCargar L.J., Murphy R., Ghosh S., Sawyer M.B., Baracos V.E. Cancer cachexia in the age of obesity: skeletal muscle depletion is a powerful prognostic factor, independent of body mass index. J Clin Oncol, 2013, № 31(12), pp. 1539–1547. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.45.2722.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin L., Birdsell L., Macdonald N., Reiman T., Clandinin M.T., McCargar L.J., Murphy R., Ghosh S., Sawyer M.B., Baracos V.E. Cancer cachexia in the age of obesity: skeletal muscle depletion is a powerful prognostic factor, independent of body mass index. J Clin Oncol, 2013, № 31(12), pp. 1539–1547. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.45.2722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Werf A., Langius J.A.E., de van der Schueren M.A.E., Nurmohamed S.A., van der Pant KAMI, Blauwhoff-Buskermolen S., Wierdsma N.J. Percentiles for skeletal muscle index, area and radiation attenuation based on computed tomography imaging in a healthy Caucasian population. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2018, № 72(2), pp. 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-017-0034-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Werf A., Langius J.A.E., de van der Schueren M.A.E., Nurmohamed S.A., van der Pant KAMI, Blauwhoff-Buskermolen S., Wierdsma N.J. Percentiles for skeletal muscle index, area and radiation attenuation based on computed tomography imaging in a healthy Caucasian population. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2018, № 72(2), pp. 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-017-0034-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasquer A., Renaud F., Hec F., Gandon A., Vanderbeken M., Drubay V., Caranhac G., Piessen G., Mariette C. On behalf of the FREGAT Working Group. Is centralization needed for esophageal and gastric cancer patients with low operative risk? Ann Surg, 2016, № 264, pp. 823–830. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001768</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasquer A., Renaud F., Hec F., Gandon A., Vanderbeken M., Drubay V., Caranhac G., Piessen G., Mariette C. On behalf of the FREGAT Working Group. Is centralization needed for esophageal and gastric cancer patients with low operative risk? Ann Surg, 2016, № 264, pp. 823–830. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001768</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дикова Т.С., Зацепина А.Ю., Федоринов Д.С., Лядов В.К. Саркопения, саркопеническое ожирение, миостеатоз как факторы неблагоприятного прогноза при опухолях желудочно-кишечного тракта: обзор литературы. Современная Онкология, 2021. № 23 (1). С. 141–147. https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2021.1.200715</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dikova TS, ZatsepinaAYu, Fedorinov DS, Lyadov VK. Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, myosteatosis as factors of poor prognosis in gastrointestinal tract tumors: review. Journal of Modern Oncology, 2021, № 23 (1), рр. 141–147. (In Russian), https://doi.org/10.26442/18151434.2021.1.200715</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malietzis G., Currie A.C., Athanasiuou T., Johns N., Anyamene N., Glynne-Jones R., Kennedy R.H., Fearon K.C., Jenkins J.T. Influence of body composition on outcomes following colorectal cancer patients. Br J Surg, 2016, № 103(5), pp. 572–580. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10075</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malietzis G., Currie A.C., Athanasiuou T., Johns N., Anyamene N., Glynne-Jones R., Kennedy R.H., Fearon K.C., Jenkins J.T. Influence of body composition on outcomes following colorectal cancer patients. Br J Surg, 2016, № 103(5), pp. 572–580. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmela C., Velho S., Agostinho L., Branco F., Santos M., Santos M.P., Oliveira M.H., Strecht J., Maio R., Cravo M., Baracos V.E. Body Composition as a Prognostic Factor of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Toxicity and Outcome in Patients with Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer, 2017, № 17(1), pp. 74–87. https://doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2017.17.e8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmela C., Velho S., Agostinho L., Branco F., Santos M., Santos M.P., Oliveira M.H., StrechtJ., Maio R., Cravo M., Baracos V.E. Body Composition as a Prognostic Factor of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Toxicity and Outcome in Patients with Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer, 2017, № 17(1), pp. 74–87. https://doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2017.17.e8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Н.А. Бриш, Т.Ю. Семиглазова, А.М. Карачун, Е.В. Ткаченко, А.С. Артемьева, Л.Н. Шевкунов, Я.А. Ульянченко, Т.С. Голованова, Ю.В. Алексеева, С.М. Шарашенидзе, Л.В. Страх, Л.В. Филатова, В.В. Семиглазов, Б.С. Каспаров, С.А. Проценко, А.М. Беляев. Влияние нутритивной недостаточности и саркопении на эффективность неоадъювантной химиотерапии пациентов с местнораспространенным раком желудка: ретроспективное исследование. Фарматека, 2021. № 7. C. 95–100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BrishN.A., SemiglazovaT.Y., KarachunA.M., TkachenkoE.V., ArtemyevaA.S., ShevkunovL.N., UlyanchenkoY.A., GolovanovaT.S., AlekseevaY.V., SharashenidzeS.M., FearL.V., FilatovaL.V., SemiglazovV.V., KasparovB.S., ProtsenkoS.A., BelyaevA.M. The influence of nutritional deficiency and sarcopenia on the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective study. Pharmateka, № 7, 2021, pp. 95–100 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
