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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/issn2072-3180.2020.3.103-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-412</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СЛУЧАИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КЛИНИКО-РЕНТГЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ЗНАЧИМОСТИ РЕФЛЕКСА ЭКСНЕРА ПРИ ОСТРОКОНЕЧНЫХ ИНОРОДНЫХ ТЕЛАХ ПИЩЕВАРИТЕЛЬНОГО ТРАКТА. КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CLINICAL AND X-RAY JUSTIFICATION OF EXNER’S REFLEX SIGNIFICANCE IN CASE OF SHARP INGESTED FOREIGN BODIES IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: CLINICAL CASE REPORT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярема</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarema</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярема Иван Васильевич — заведующий кафедрой, член-корр. РАН, д.м.н., профессор, кафедра Госпитальной хирургии</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская 20/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yarema Ivan Vasilyevich — head of the Department, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor. Evdokimov Moscow state medical University, Department of Hospital surgery</p><p>20/1 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hirurg80@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-846X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаев Дмитрий Владимирович — врач-хирург. ФГБОУ ВО МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России, ассистент кафедры Госпитальной хирургии</p><p>город Москва 127473, ул. Делегатская 20/1;</p><p>Врач-хирург хирургического отделения ГКБ. им. братьев Бахрушиных Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</p><p>107014, Москва, Стромынка, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Vladimirovich Nikolaev — doctor-surgeon. Moscow state medical University named after A. I. Evdokimov, assistant of Department of Hospital surgery</p><p>20/1 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473;</p><p>Doctor-surgeon of the surgical Department of the Bakhrushin brothers state hospital of theMoscow city health Department</p><p>7 Stromynka street, Moscow, 107014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hirurg80@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лунина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luninа</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лунина Наталия Викторовна — ординатор кафедры Госпитальной хирургии</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская 20/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Luninа Natalia V. — resident doctor of the Department of Hospital surgery doctor of MSMSU them. A. I. Evdokimov</p><p>127473, Moscow, Delegatskaya str. 20/1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hirurg80@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-4704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомин Владимир Сергеевич — доцент, кафедры хирургических болезней и клинической ангиологии стоматологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская 20/1;</p><p>ГКБ. им. В.В. Вересаева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</p><p>127411, ул. Лобненская 10 , город Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fomin Vladimir Sergeevich — associate Professor, surgeon Department of surgical diseases and clinical angiology of the faculty of dentistry doctor of MSMSU them. A. I. Evdokimov</p><p>127473, Moscow, Delegatskaya str., 20/1, Russia, GSC.</p><p> them. V.V. Veresaeva health Department of the city of Moscow, 127411, lobnenskaya str., 10, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wlfomin83@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Evdokimov Moscow state medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России;&#13;
ГКБ. им. братьев Бахрушиных Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Evdokimov Moscow state medical University;&#13;
Bakhrushin brothers state hospital of the Moscow city health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВО МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России;&#13;
ГКБ им. В.В. Вересаева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы, хирургическое отделение</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Evdokimov Moscow state medical University;&#13;
Veresaev state hospital of the Moscow city health Department, surgical Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ярема И.В., Николаев Д.В., Лунина Н.В., Фомин В.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ярема И.В., Николаев Д.В., Лунина Н.В., Фомин В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yarema I.V., Nikolaev D.V., Luninа N.V., Fomin V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/412">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/412</self-uri><abstract><p>Остроконечные инородные тела желудочно-кишечного тракта редкие находки в клинической практике ургентной абдоминальной хирургии, чаще всего такие случаи наблюдаются у душевнобольных пациентов, заключенных, лиц пожилого и старческого возраста, наркокурьеров. Случайные попадания инородных тел весьма редки, подавляющее большинство случаев носит умышленный характер, что, однако, не умаляет их опасность. Продвижение инородных тел по пищеварительной системе во многом зависит от размеров и характеристик инородного тела. Преимущественно, наблюдается беспрепятственное прохождение их по пищеварительному тракту после достижения ими желудка. Практически все случаи с неосложненным течением протекают бессимптомно, что весьма затруднительно для диагностики. Согласно открытому Экснером «игольчатому» рефлексу, остроконечные инородные тела могут проходить свободно, без повреждения желудочно-кишечного тракта: раздражение слизистой оболочки острым концом инородного тела вызывает втяжение слизистой и постепенный поворот предмета тупым концом вперед, при условии, что длина последнего не превышает просвет кишки. В приведенном клиническом наблюдении демонстрируется проявление «игольчатого» рефлекса, описанного Экснером в 1902 г., что позволило обойтись без оперативного вмешательства и избежать осложнений, которые во многих случаях, являются фатальными.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sharp ingested foreign bodies in the digestive tract are quite a rare find in the clinical practice of urgent abdominal surgery. Such cases are more likely to be found among mental, observed in mentally ill patients, prisoners, elderly and drug addicts. Accidental cases are actually quite seldom. Sharp foreign bodies are mainly ingested on purpose due to the changed mental state. However, this does not make them any less dangerous. The way the objects pass through the digestive tract strongly depends on their size and characteristics. The passage becomes slightly easier when a foreign body goes through the stomach. Most cases with a basic (uncomplicated) passage are insympathetic, which makes them very difficult to diagnose. According to Exner's reflex, sharp foreign bodies within the gut can travel freely, without any damage to the gastrointestinal tract by inhibiting the contractions of the overlaying muscle so that perforation will be avoided. The sharp edges of the foreign body irritate the mucous membrane causing the tightening of the mucous. That makes the object turn gradually to present its blunt edges, provided that the length of the object does not exceed the lumen of the intestine. The clinical observation shows the manifestation of the ‘needle’ reflex described by Exner in 1902, which allowed us to dispense with surgery and avoid complications, which in many cases are fatal.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рефлекс Экснера</kwd><kwd>инородное тело</kwd><kwd>экстренная абдоминальная хирургия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Exner’s reflex</kwd><kwd>foreign body</kwd><kwd>urgent abdominal surgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бебуришвили А.Г., Мандриков В.В., Акинчиц А.Н. Инородные тела желудочно-кишечного тракта. Волгоград. ВолГМУ, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beburishvili A.G, Mandrikov V.V., Acinchits A.N. Inorodnye tela jeludochno-kishechnogo trakta [Foreign bodies of the digestive tract]. 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