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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2026-125-131</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-1294</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Последствия хирургических вмешательств как предмет правовой и судебно-медицинской оценки (исследование «случай-контроль»)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Consequences of surgical interventions as a subject of legal and forensic medical assessment (a case-control study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майлис</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maylis</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майлис Надежда Павловна – доктор юридических наук, заслуженный юрист РФ, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, профессор кафедры оружиеведения и трасологии </p><p>117997, ул. Академика Волгина, д. 12, Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maylis Nadezhda Pavlovna – Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor at the Department of Arms Science and Traceology</p><p>12 Akademika Volgina St., Moscow, 117997, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jlmaylis@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6831-5708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Николай Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, адвокат</p><p>105066, Россия, Москва, ул. Ольховская, д. 45, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigoriev Nikolai Nikolaevich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Lawyer</p><p>105066, Russia, Moscow, Olkhovskaya Street, 45, Building 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolai_grigorev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4925-0126</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неймарк</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neimark</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Неймарк Александр Евгеньевич – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, врач-хирург, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>197341, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neimark Alexander Evgenievich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Surgeon, Leading Researcher</p><p>197341, Russia, Saint Petersburg, Akkuratova Street, building 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sas_spb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0445-6238</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельников Андрей Александрович – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-хирург, заместитель главного врача</p><p>107150, Россия, Москва, ул. Лосиноостровская, д. 39, стр. 1</p><p> тел.: +7 (920) 960-72-55 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Melnikov Andrey Alexandrovich– Candidate of Medical Sciences (PhD in Medicine), Surgeon, Deputy Chief Physician</p><p>39/1 Losinoostrovskaya St., Moscow, 107150, Russia</p><p> tel.: +7 (920) 960-72-55 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">metabolica@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МосУ МВД России имени В.Я. Кикотя</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Order of Honor University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot'</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>V Московская коллегия адвокатов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V Moscow Bar Association</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical  Research Center named after V.A. Almazov” of the  Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Больница Центросоюза РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Union Hospital of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title>Октябрь. Спецвыпуск</issue-title><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Майлис Н.П., Григорьев Н.Н., Неймарк А.Е., Мельников А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Майлис Н.П., Григорьев Н.Н., Неймарк А.Е., Мельников А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maylis N.P., Grigoriev N.N., Neimark A.E., Melnikov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1294">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1294</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Современная практика оказания медицинской помощи, особенно в хирургических областях, связана с высоким уровнем конфликтности и приводит к росту судебных споров между пациентами, врачами и медицинскими организациями. Анализ уголовных и гражданских дел показывает, что зачастую допускаются экспертные ошибки, не позволяющие установить истину по конкретному делу.Цель исследования. На основе анализа имеющейся судебно-медицинской практики (по материалам уголовных и гражданских дел) выявить системные пробелы в правовом регулировании медицинской деятельности и предложить пути их преодоления с использованием комплексного медико-криминалистического подхода.Материалы и методы. В работе использованы методы системного анализа, обобщения судебной практики, формально-юридический метод, а также методы трасологии и судебной медицины для оценки механизмов образования повреждений.Результаты. Установлено, что попытка разрешения медицинских споров преимущественно через уголовно-правовое поле неэффективна из-за перегруженности судов и отсутствия детальной правовой регламентации. Выявлена недостаточная активность использования специальных криминалистических знаний (в частности, трасологии) при производстве судебно-медицинских экспертиз. Обоснована значимость исследования следов хирургических инструментов и шовных материалов для объективизации причинно-следственной связи.Заключение. Представленные в ходе исследования предложения направлены на законодательное совершенствование институтов защиты прав пациентов, медицинских работников и медицинского страхования. Итоговым положением является вывод о том, что эффективное разрешение медицинских деликтов невозможно без переориентации судебной практики на досудебное урегулирование. Кадровое обеспечение экспертной деятельности подготовленными специалистами межведомственного уровня будет способствовать эффективному установлению обстоятельств дела.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Contemporary medical care delivery, particularly in surgical fields, is characterized by a high level of disputability, leading to an increase in litigation between patients, physicians, and healthcare institutions. An analysis of criminal and civil cases reveals that expert errors are frequently made, which impedes the establishment of the factual circumstances of a given case.Objective. Based on the analysis of existing forensic medical practice (drawing on materials from criminal and civil cases), to identify systemic gaps in the legal regulation of medical activities and to propose pathways for overcoming them through an integrated medico-criminalistic approach.Materials and methods. The study employed methods of systems analysis, synthesis of judicial practice, formal-legal analysis, as well as methods of traceology and forensic medicine to assess the mechanisms of injury formation.Results. It has been established that attempts to resolve medical disputes primarily through the criminal law framework are ineffective due to court overload and the absence of detailed legal regulation. Insufficient utilization of specialized criminalistic knowledge (notably traceology) in the conduct of forensic medical examinations has been identified. The significance of examining traces left by surgical instruments and suture materials for objectifying causal relationships is substantiated.Conclusion. The proposals presented in this study are aimed at legislative improvement of the legal frameworks for protecting the rights of patients, medical workers, and medical insurance. The final proposition is that effective resolution of medical torts is impossible without a reorientation of judicial practice toward pre-trial settlement mechanisms. Staffing expert activities with qualified interdisciplinary specialists will contribute to the effective establishment of the factual circumstances of a case.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медицинская помощь</kwd><kwd>судебно-медицинская экспертиза</kwd><kwd>трасология</kwd><kwd>врачебная ошибка</kwd><kwd>уголовно-правовое регулирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical care</kwd><kwd>forensic medical examination</kwd><kwd>traceology</kwd><kwd>medical error</kwd><kwd>criminal law regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьев Н.Н. «Профессиональные пациенты» против врачей. Российский адвокат. 2018. № 4. 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