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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2026-66-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-1286</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Предоперационное прогнозирование возможности трансанального извлечения операционного препарата при колоректальном раке: разработка и внутренняя валидация прогностической модели</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Preoperative prediction of transanal specimen extraction feasibility in colorectal cancer: development and internal validation of a prediction model</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0283-2217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефетов</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efetov</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефетов Сергей Константинович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий хирургическим отделением № 2 УКБ 4</p><p>119048, Россия, Москва, ул. Доватора, д. 15, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Efetov Sergey Konstantinovich – MD, DSc (Med), Professor, Head of the Surgical Department no 2</p><p>119048, 15 Dovatora str., bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">efetov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-7605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлусов</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlusov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хлусов Денис Игорьевич – ассистент кафедры факультетской хирургии № 2, врач-хирург, онколог хирургического отделения № 2 УКБ 4</p><p>119048, Россия, Москва, ул. Доватора, д. 15, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khlusov Denis Igorevich – assistant at the Department of Faculty Surgery no 2 Clinical Hospital no 4 </p><p>119048, 15 Dovatora str., bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denis.khlusov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-0980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цао</surname><given-names>Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цао Юй – врач-хирург</p><p>Чунцин </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cao Yu – Department of General Surgery</p><p>Chongqing</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drcaoyu0124@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-6403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панова</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panova</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панова Полина Дмитриевна – аспирант кафедрыфакультетской хирургии № 2</p><p>119048, Россия, Москва, ул. Доватора, д. 15, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Panova Polina Dmitrievna – postgraduate student at the Department of Faculty Surgery no 2</p><p>119048, 15 Dovatora str., bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5637-9581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалютина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalyutina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалютина Марина Алексеевна – студент кафедрыфакультетской хирургии № 2</p><p>119048, Россия, Москва, ул. Доватора, д. 15, стр. 2  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhalyutina Marina Alekseevna – student at the Department of Faculty Surgery № 2 Clinical Hospital no 4</p><p>119048, 15 Dovatora str., bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Lysenko.ms@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1381-1855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Роузи</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rouzy</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роузи Нилуфар – студент кафедры факультетской хирургии № 2</p><p>119048, Россия, Москва, ул. Доватора, д. 15, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Niloofar Rouzy – student at the Department of Faculty Surgery no 2 Clinical Hospital no 4</p><p>119048, 15 Dovatora str., bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niloufar.rouzi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский&#13;
университет);&#13;
Кафедра факультетской хирургии № 2, ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University Clinical Hospital no 4 of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University;&#13;
Department of Faculty Surgery no 2, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский&#13;
университет);&#13;
Кафедра факультетской хирургии № 2, ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University Clinical Hospital no 4, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University);&#13;
Department of Faculty Surgery no 2, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Отделения общей хирургии, госпиталя Синьцяо при Военно-медицинском университете</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Hospital no 4 of the&#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title>Октябрь. Спецвыпуск</issue-title><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ефетов С.К., Хлусов Д.И., Цао Ю., Панова П.Д., Михалютина М.А., Роузи Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ефетов С.К., Хлусов Д.И., Цао Ю., Панова П.Д., Михалютина М.А., Роузи Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Efetov S.K., Khlusov D.I., Cao Y., Panova P.D., Mikhalyutina M.A., Rouzy N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1286">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1286</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Несмотря на широкое внедрение технологии NOSES (Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgery), объективные критерии предоперационного отбора пациентов для трансанальной экстракции операционного препарата отсутствуют. Цель исследования — разработать и провести внутреннюю валидацию модели предоперационной оценки технической выполнимости трансанального извлечения.Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное одноцентровое исследование проспективно собранных данных включены 105 пациентов с колоректальным раком. После резекции каждый операционный препарат последовательно тестировали ex vivo на возможность прохождения через эластичные кольца диаметром 3, 4 и 5 см. Первичной конечной точкой являлось успешное прохождение через кольцо диаметром 4 см. На основании предоперационных данных построена логистическая регрессионная модель с внутренней валидацией методом bootstrap (1000 повторов) и 10-кратной перекрёстной проверки.Результаты. Через кольца диаметром 3, 4 и 5 см прошли соответственно 18 (17,1 %), 58 (55,2 %) и 86 (81,9 %) препаратов. Прохождение через кольцо диаметром 4 см ассоциировалось с выполнением NOSES (94,6 % против 33,8 %; p&lt;0,001). Модель включала поперечный размер опухоли, индекс массы тела и локализацию опухоли. AUC составила 0,846, после bootstrap-коррекции – 0,829, при 10-кратной перекрёстной проверке — 0,827. Анализ Decision Curve Analysis подтвердил клиническую полезность модели.Заключение. Стандартизированная ex vivo-модель позволила создать воспроизводимую основу для предоперационного прогнозирования технической выполнимости NOSES. После внешней валидации модель может использоваться при планировании хирургического лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Although Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgery (NOSES) is increasingly used in colorectal surgery, objective criteria for preoperative selection for transanal specimen extraction remain lacking. This study aimed to develop and internally validate a preoperative model of technical feasibility based on experimental specimen testing.Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a consecutive single-center cohort of 105 patients with colorectal cancer. Each resected specimen was sequentially tested ex vivo for passage through elastic rings with internal diameters of 3, 4, and 5 cm. Successful passage through the 4-cm ring was the primary endpoint. A logistic regression model was developed using preoperative characteristics. Internal validation included 1000 bootstrap resamples and 10-fold cross-validation; discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility by decision curve analysis were assessed.Results. Passage rates were 18/105 (17.1%), 58/105 (55,2 %), and 86/105 (81,9 %) for the 3-, 4-, and 5-cm rings, respectively. Passage through the 4-cm ring was associated with actual NOSES performance: 35/37 (94,6 %) versus 23/68 (33,8 %) after conventional laparoscopy (χ²=33.4; p&lt;0.001). The model included transverse tumor size, body mass index, and tumor location. The apparent AUC was 0,846, the optimism-corrected AUC was 0,829, and the 10-fold cross-validated AUC was 0,827. Decision curve analysis demonstrated potential clinical utility across threshold probabilities of approximately 0,20–0,80.Conclusion. The standardized ex vivo model provided a reproducible endpoint for preoperative prediction of transanal specimen extraction feasibility. After external validation, the model may support individualized planning of NOSES procedures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>NOSES</kwd><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>minimally invasive surgery</kwd><kwd>prediction model</kwd><kwd>tumor size</kwd><kwd>body mass index (BMI)</kwd><kwd>internal validation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NOSES</kwd><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>minimally invasive surgery</kwd><kwd>transanal specimen extraction</kwd><kwd>prediction model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang B., Liu M., Gao W., Tang J., Zhu Z., Chen L. et al. Nomogram for predicting the feasibility of natural orifice specimen extraction after laparoscopic rectal resection. 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