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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2026-53-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-1285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дифференцированный подход в хирургическом лечении пациентов с венозным опухолевым тромбом на фоне почечно-клеточного рака</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Differentiated approach in the surgical treatment of patients with venous tumor thrombus in the setting of renal cell carcinoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-0573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луцевич</surname><given-names>О. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lutsevich</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Луцевич Олег Эммануилович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующий кафедрой факультетской хирургии № 1</p><p>127473, Российская Федерация, Москва, Делегатская ул., д. 20 стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lutsevich Oleg Emmanuilovich – MD, PhD, Professor,Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Faculty Surgery no 1</p><p>Moscow. Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleglutsevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-0998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галлямов</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gallyamov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галлямов Эдуард Абдулхаевич – доктор медицинскихнаук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей хирургии ИКМ им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119992, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, с. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gallyamov Eduard Abdulkhaevich – MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of General Surgery</p><p>119992, Russian Federation, Moscow Trubetskaya str., 8/2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gallyamov_e_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5120-2620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севрюков</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevryukov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Севрюков Фёдор Анатольевич – доктор  медицинских наук., профессор кафедры урологии имени Е.В. Шахова </p><p>603005, Россия, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sevryukov Fyodor Anatolyevich – Dr. Sci., Professor at the  E.V. Shakhov Department of Urology</p><p>603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0193-4054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергеев Владимир Петрович – заведующий онкоурологическим отделением</p><p>123098, Россия, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, 23, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergeev Vladimir Petrovich – the head of the oncourological department</p><p>123098, Moscow, Marshal Novikov Street, 23, building 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">garivas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-3501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галлямов</surname><given-names>Э. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gallyamov</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Эдуардович Галлямов – врач-урологонкоурологического отделения</p><p>123098, Россия, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, 23, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gallyamov Eduard Eduardovich – urologist at the oncourology department </p><p>123098, Moscow, Marshal Novikov Street, 25, building 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eduarg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4244-1246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Протопопова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protopopova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Протопопова Людмила Владимировна – студент ИКМ им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119992, Российская Федерация, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, с. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Protopopova Liudmila Vladimirovna – student</p><p>119992, Russian Federation, Moscow Trubetskaya str., 8/2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lv.protopopova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Medicine” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “State Research Center – Federal Medical-Biological Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, FMBA of Russia”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “State Research Center – Federal Medical-Biochemical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University» under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title>Октябрь. Спецвыпуск</issue-title><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Луцевич О.Э., Галлямов Э.А., Севрюков Ф.А., Сергеев В.П., Галлямов Э.Э., Протопопова Л.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Луцевич О.Э., Галлямов Э.А., Севрюков Ф.А., Сергеев В.П., Галлямов Э.Э., Протопопова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lutsevich O.E., Gallyamov E.A., Sevryukov F.A., Sergeev V.P., Gallyamov E.E., Protopopova L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1285">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1285</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящается юбилею нашего Учителя, Олега Эммануиловича Луцевича. Он один из первых в нашей стране выполнил радикальную нефрэктомию, определил принципы и алгоритмы работы на магистральных сосудах, продолженные его командой.Введение. Почечно-клеточный рак (ПКР) характеризуется способностью к внутрисосудистому распространению с формированием венозного опухолевого тромба в почечной вене и нижней полой вене (НПВ). Радикальная нефрэктомия с тромбэктомией остаётся единственным потенциально куративным методом лечения данной категории больных. Развитие минимально инвазивных технологий позволило расширить показания к лапароскопическому и роботическому доступам, онкологические результаты которых, по данным крупных исследований, сопоставимы с традиционной открытой хирургией, при этом поиск оптимальной методики выполнения вмешательства остаётся актуальным.Цель работы: разработать тактику хирургического вмешательства у пациентов с почечно-клеточным раком, осложненным венозным опухолевым тромбом, на основе уровня тромба согласно классификации Mayo Clinic и стороне опухолевого пораженияМатериалы и методы. Ретроспективное исследование включает данные госпитализации 29 пациентов, проходивших лечение в период с марта 2016 г. по апрель 2026 г. по основному диагнозу: почечно-клеточный рак, осложненный венозным опухолевым тромбом. Все пациенты прошли стандартный протокол обследования, включавшей УЗИ ОБП и забрюшинного пространства, МСКТ с внутривенным контрастированием ОБП и ОГК, ЭХОКГ и каваграфию. У 14 пациентов (48,3 %) отмечается опухолевое поражение левой почки и у 15 пациентов – правой почки (51,7 %). У 7 пациентов наблюдался венозный опухолевый тромб 0 уровня, у 6 пациентов – I уровня, у 9 пациентов – II уровня и у 6 пациентов – III уровня. Преобладал светлоклеточный гистологический вариант (93,1 %) со степенью злокачественности G3 (51,7 %).Результаты. В качестве хирургического доступа всем 29 пациентам первично была выбрана лапароскопия. В когорте имелись 2 случая (6,9 %) конверсии в лапаротомию по причине глубокой инвазии опухоли в окружающие ткани. Радикальная нефрэктомия с тромбэктомией в 26 случаях (89,7 %) осуществлялась традиционным способом, у 3 пациентов (10,4 %) использовался двуягулярный доступ в связи с большими размерами печени и трудностями при мобилизации коротких печеночных вен. При анализе интра- и послеоперационных результатов лапароскопической нефрэктомии с тромбэктомией среднее время операции составило 168,8 мин ± 82,5 мин, средняя кровопотеря 408,6 мл ± 469,1 мл, средняя продолжительность послеоперационного койко/дня 7,6 ± 2,5 дней.Заключение. Дифференцированный подход к тактике хирургического вмешательства у пациентов с почечно-клеточным раком, осложненным венозным опухолевым тромбом, на основе классификации уровня тромба Mayo Clinic и стороне поражения является основополагающим для достижения максимальной эффективности хирургического лечения и снижения рисков развития осложнений и отдаленных метастазов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. ARenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by the ability to spread intravascularly, leading to the formation of a venous tumor thrombus in the renal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC). Radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy remains the only potentially curative treatment method for this category of patients. The development of minimally invasive technologies has made it possible to expand the indications for laparoscopic and robotic approaches, the oncological outcomes of which, according to large studies, are comparable to those of traditional open surgery; however, the search for the optimal technique for performing the intervention remains relevant.The purpose of this study is to develop a surgical intervention strategy for patients with renal cell carcinoma complicated by a venous tumor thrombus, based on the thrombus level according to the Mayo Clinic classification and the side of the tumor lesion.Materials and methods. The retrospective study includes hospitalization data for 29 patients who received treatment between March 2016 and April 2026 with the main diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma complicated by a venous tumor thrombus. All patients underwent a standard examination protocol, which included ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space, MSCT with intravenous contrast enhancement of the abdominal cavity and chest, echocardiography, and cavaography. In 14 patients (48,3 %), a tumor lesion was observed in the left kidney, and in 15 patients – in the right kidney (51,7 %). In 7 patients, a venous tumor thrombus of level 0 was observed, in 6 patients – of level I, in 9 patients – of level II, and in 6 patients – of level III. The clear cell histological variant predominated (91,1 %), with a grade of malignancy of G3 (51,7 %).Research results and discussion. In group 1, 334 patients (100 %) underwent laparoscopic surgery; no conversions were performed. In group 2, 296 patients (98,3 %) were operated on using a minimally invasive approach; 5 patients (1,7 %) were treated via an open approach. The Veress needle was used in 10 patients (3 %) of the 1st group and in 3 patients (1 %) of the 2nd group, the Hasson access was used in 28 patients (8,4 %) of the 1st group and in 26 patients (8,7 %) of the 2nd group, the "direct trocar" technique – in 85 patients (25,5 %) of the 1st group and in 48 patients (16%) of the 2nd group, optical trocar – in 221 patients (63,2 %) of the 1st group and in 219 patients (72,8 %) of the 2nd group. The “stepping” trocar technique was used in 41 patients (12,3 %) in group 1 and in 91 patients (30,2 %) in group 2. The average duration of the surgical intervention in patients in group 1 was 114±13,5 minutes, and in group 2 – 139±24.6 minutes. The average blood loss during the operation in the 1st and 2nd groups was 101±33 ml and 151±25 ml, respectively.Conclusion. A differentiated approach to surgical intervention tactics in patients with renal cell carcinoma complicated by a venous tumor thrombus, based on the Mayo Clinic thrombus level classification and the affected side, is fundamental to achieving maximum effectiveness of surgical treatment and reducing the risks of complications and distant metastases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>опухолевый тромб</kwd><kwd>нижняя полая вена</kwd><kwd>лапароскопическая нефрэктомия</kwd><kwd>тромбэктомия</kwd><kwd>тромб нижней полой вены</kwd><kwd>классификация Mayo.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>tumor thrombus</kwd><kwd>inferior vena cava</kwd><kwd>laparoscopic nephrectomy</kwd><kwd>thrombectomy</kwd><kwd>inferior vena cava thrombus</kwd><kwd>Mayo classification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">vChao C.L., Reddy N.K., Visa M., Kundu S.D., Eskandari M.K. 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