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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2026-2-207-213</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-1226</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERARY REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ хирургических методов лечения геморроидальной болезни III–IV стадий: обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of surgical methods for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease stages III–IV: a literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7629-8842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходжаев</surname><given-names>Б. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodzhaev</surname><given-names>B. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ходжаев Бегенч Гайбуллаевич – аспирант кафедры госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии.</p><p>117198, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Begench G. Khodzhaev – Postgraduate Student, Department of Hospital Surgery with the course of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University).</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">begenchodzaev7@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7998-3051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файбушевич</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Faibushevich</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Файбушевич Александр Георгиевич – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии.</p><p>117198, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr G. Faibushevich – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery with the course of Pediatric Surgery of the Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University).</p><p>117198, Miklukho-Maklaj str., 6, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">faibushevich_ag@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9218-6011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Арики</surname><given-names>М. К.М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Ariki</surname><given-names>M. K.M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аль-Арики Малик Киаед Мохаммед – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии.</p><p>117198, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва</p><p>8 977 685 10 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Malik K.M. Al-Ariki– Candidate of Medical Sciences, assistant professor of the Department of Hospital Surgery with the course of Pediatric Surgery of the Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University).</p><p>117198, Miklukho-Maklaj str., 6, Moscow</p><p>8 977 685 10 28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al_ariki_m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3871-5530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гительзон</surname><given-names>Е. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gitelzon</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гительзон Екатерина Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии.</p><p>117198, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Gitelzon – Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Department of the Hospital Surgery with the course of the Pediatric Surgery, of the Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University).</p><p>117198, Miklukho-Maklaj str., 6, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">altnlu88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>207</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ходжаев Б.Г., Файбушевич А.Г., Аль-Арики М.К., Гительзон Е.A., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ходжаев Б.Г., Файбушевич А.Г., Аль-Арики М.К., Гительзон Е.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khodzhaev B.G., Faibushevich A.G., Al-Ariki M.K., Gitelzon E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1226">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1226</self-uri><abstract><p>Геморроидальная болезнь (ГБ) является одной из наиболее распространенных аноректальных патологий, затрагивающей 5–10 % населения, преимущественно в возрастной группе 45–65 лет. Хирургическое лечение показано при III–IV стадиях заболевания, однако выбор оптимального метода остается предметом дискуссий.</p><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Геморроидопексия (операция Лонго) характеризуется низкой послеоперационной болезненностью и быстрой реабилитацией, однако при среднем сроке наблюдения 15 лет частота рецидивирования симптомов достигает 47,4 %, повторное вмешательство потребовалось 15,2 % пациентов. Трансанальная допплер-контролируемая дезартеризация (THD) эффективна при II–III стадиях с частотой рецидивов 12–27 % и низким уровнем послеоперационных осложнений. Традиционная геморроидэктомия сохраняет статус «золотого стандарта» при осложнённых формах и IV стадии; частота рецидивов составляет 2–8 % и сопровождается выраженным болевым синдромом и длительной реабилитацией. Применение современных модификаций с использованием радиочастотной и ультразвуковой энергии (Ligasure, Harmonic Scalpel) позволяет снизить кровопотерю и интенсивность послеоперационной боли.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выбор хирургической тактики при ГБ III–IV стадий должен определяться степенью и стадией заболевания, наличием осложнений и уровнем владения методикой. Дальнейшие исследования необходимы для разработки персонализированного подхода, оценки долгосрочных результатов и частоты рецидивов при различных методах лечения, а также для уточнения показаний к каждому из них.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hemorrhoidal disease (HD) is one of the most common anorectal pathologies, affecting 5–10 % of the population, predominantly in the 45–65 age group. Surgical treatment is indicated for stages III–IV of the disease; however, the choice of the optimal method remains a subject of debate.</p><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hemorrhoidopexy (Longo procedure) is characterized by low postoperative pain and rapid rehabilitation; however, at a mean follow-up of 15 years, recurrence of at least one hemorrhoidal symptom was recorded in 47,4 % of patients, and surgical re-intervention was required in 15,2 % of cases. Transanal Doppler-guided dearterialization (THD) is effective primarily in stages II–III, with a recurrence rate of 12–27 % and a low rate of postoperative complications. Conventional hemorrhoidectomy remains the gold standard for complicated forms and stage IV disease, with a recurrence rate of 2–8 %; however, it is associated with significant postoperative pain and prolonged rehabilitation. The use of modern modifications employing radiofrequency and ultrasonic energy (LigaSure, Harmonic Scalpel) reduces intraoperative blood loss and the intensity of postoperative pain.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The choice of surgical strategy for HD stages III–IV should be determined by the degree and stage of the disease, the presence of complications, and the level of proficiency with the technique. Further studies are needed to develop a personalized approach, assess long-term outcomes and recurrence rates for various treatment methods, and clarify the indications for each of them.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геморроидальная болезнь</kwd><kwd>геморроидэктомия</kwd><kwd>геморроидопексия</kwd><kwd>трансанальная дезартеризация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemorrhoidal disease</kwd><kwd>hemorrhoidectomy</kwd><kwd>hemorrhoidopexy</kwd><kwd>transanal dearterialization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lohsiriwat V. Hemorrhoids: from basic pathophysiology to clinical management. 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