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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2026-2-231-237</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-1187</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERARY REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка фиброзно-склеротических изменений в щитовидной железе с позиции хирурга. Часть IV</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of fibro-sclerotic changes in the thyroid gland from a surgical perspective. Part IV</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-1601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шулутко</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulutko</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шулутко Александр Михайлович – профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии № 2 им. Г.И. Лукомского, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>119047, Москва, ул. Трубецкая 8–2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr M. Shulutko – Professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery no 2 named after G.I. Lukomsky, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8–2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Shulutko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-1543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrov</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александров Юрий Константинович – профессор кафедры хирургических болезней с курсом эндокринной хирургии им. Н.П. Пампутиса, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri K. Aleksandrov – Professor of the Department of Surgical Diseases with a course of Endocrine Surgery named after N.P. Pamputis, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Yaroslavl State Medical University.</p><p>5 Revolyutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yka2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3844-1632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семиков</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semikov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семиков Василий Иванович – профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии № 2 им. Г.И. Лукомского, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>119047, Москва, ул. Трубецкая 8–2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily I. Semikov – Professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery no 2 named after G.I. Lukomsky, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8–2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Semik61@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-3054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боблак</surname><given-names>Ю. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boblak</surname><given-names>Ju. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боблак Юлия Александровна – ассистент кафедры факультетской хирургии № 2 им. Г.И. Лукомского.</p><p>119047, Москва, ул. Трубецкая 8–2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia A. Boblak – Assistant of the Department of Faculty Surgery No 2 named after G.I. Lukomsky, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8–2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Julia.boblak@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-4864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харнас</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharnas</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харнас Сергей Саулович – доктор медицинский наук, профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии N1 им. Н.В. Склифосовского.</p><p>119047, Москва, ул. Трубецкая 8–2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Kharnas – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery No 1 named after N.V. Sklifosovsky, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8–2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kharnas_s_s@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский, университет им. И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>231</fpage><lpage>237</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шулутко А.М., Александров Ю.К., Семиков В.И., Боблак Ю.A., Харнас С.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шулутко А.М., Александров Ю.К., Семиков В.И., Боблак Ю.A., Харнас С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shulutko A.M., Alexandrov Y.K., Semikov V.I., Boblak J.A., Kharnas S.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1187">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1187</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Минимально инвазивные методы лечения патологии щитовидной железы, основанные на применении различных физических факторов, обеспечивают локальное воздействие на очаговые образования с уменьшением их объема за счет деструктивных изменений. Последующие морфологические процессы являются прогнозируемыми и зависят от характера воздействия и особенностей узлов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить по данным литературы возможности и результаты применения минимально инвазивных методик, а также особенности динамики фиброзно-склеротических изменений в ткани щитовидной железы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ публикаций, представленных в базах данных eLIBRARY, PubMed, Web of Science и Scopus, с использованием ключевых слов, отражающих процессы фиброза и склероза, а также методы абляции тканей щитовидной железы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что минимально инвазивные методы, несмотря на различие механизмов действия, приводят к формированию зоны коагуляционного некроза с последующим развитием фиброза, склероза и кальциноза. В отдаленные сроки морфологические изменения приобретают однотипный характер и сопровождаются частичным или полным регрессом узловых образований.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Минимально инвазивные методы лечения патологии щитовидной железы являются перспективным направлением, однако требуют дальнейшего изучения закономерностей морфологических изменений и оценки отдаленных результатов</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. SMinimally invasive techniques for the treatment of thyroid disorders based on various physical energy modalities provide targeted local destruction of focal lesions with subsequent volume reduction. The resulting morphological changes depend on the type of exposure and structural characteristics of thyroid nodules and determine long-term treatment outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To analyze published data on the effectiveness and technical aspects of minimally invasive treatment methods and to assess the patterns of fibro-sclerotic changes in thyroid tissue and nodular formations.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A literature review was performed using the eLIBRARY, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases with keywords related to fibrosis, sclerosis and various ablation techniques applied to thyroid pathology. Publications focusing on both immediate and long-term morphological outcomes were included in the analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Despite differences in mechanisms of action, minimally invasive methods lead to the formation of coagulative necrosis followed by fibrosis, sclerosis and, in some cases, calcification. Over time, morphological changes become similar and are associated with partial or complete regression of nodules. The extent and rate of these processes may vary depending on the technique used and the initial structure of the treated lesion.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Minimally invasive treatment modalities represent a promising direction in thyroid surgery; however, further studies are required to clarify the patterns of morphological changes and to evaluate long-term outcomes and clinical effectiveness</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>фиброз</kwd><kwd>склероз</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>минимально инвазивные методы лечения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid gland</kwd><kwd>fibrosis</kwd><kwd>histology</kwd><kwd>ablation techniques</kwd><kwd>minimally invasive surgical procedures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Studen K.B., Domagała B., Gaberšček S., Zaletel K., Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A. Diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules and goiter – current perspectives. 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