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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2026-2-246-254</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-1186</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERARY REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рак прямой кишки: эволюция хирургических и комбинированных методов лечения более чем за 100-летнюю историю</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rectal cancer: evolution of surgical and combined treatment methods over more than 100 years of history</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7700-1672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitriev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитриев Андрей Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры хирургических болезней № 2.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Dmitriev – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant, Department of Surgical Diseases No. 2, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">admitriev84@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9927-8798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грошилин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Groshilin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грошилин Виталий Сергеевич – профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой хирургических болезней № 2.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly S. Groshilin – Professor, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Surgical Diseases No. 2, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">groshilin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7587-8406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкасов</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkasov</surname><given-names>M. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черкасов Михаил Федорович – профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой хирургии № 4.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail F. Cherkasov – Professor, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Surgery No. 4, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cherkasovmf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1966-1664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меликова</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melikova</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меликова Сабина Гаджиевна – врач-хирург, старший лаборант кафедры хирургии № 4.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sabina G. Melikova – Surgeon, Senior Laboratory Assistant, Department of Surgery No. 4, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sarbonka@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-4357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Владимир Дмитриевич – ассистент кафедры хирургических болезней № 2.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir D. Kuznetsov – Assistant, Department of Surgical Diseases No. 2, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Dv_kuz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7618-954X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалевская</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalevskaya</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалевская Диана Владленовна – студентка 5 курса ЛПФ.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana V. Kovalevskaya – 5th-year student, Faculty of General Medicine, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalevskaya004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6898-1421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыденко</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydenko</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давыденко Яна Андреевна – студентка 6 курса ЛПФ.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana A. Davydenko – 6th-year student, Faculty of General Medicine, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yana12082002@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0832-7647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габызов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabyzov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Габызов Микаэл Андреевич – аспирант кафедры хирургических болезней № 2.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p><p>Тел.: +7-938-124-94-93</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikael A. Gabyzov – Postgraduate Student, Department of Surgical Diseases No. 2, Rostov State Medical University.</p><p>29 Nakhichevansky Lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p><p>Tel.: +7-938-124-94-93</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.gabyzov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>246</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дмитриев А.В., Грошилин В.С., Черкасов М.Ф., Меликова С.Г., Кузнецов В.Д., Ковалевская Д.В., Давыденко Я.А., Габызов М.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дмитриев А.В., Грошилин В.С., Черкасов М.Ф., Меликова С.Г., Кузнецов В.Д., Ковалевская Д.В., Давыденко Я.А., Габызов М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dmitriev A.V., Groshilin V.S., Cherkasov M.F., Melikova S.G., Kuznetsov V.D., Kovalevskaya D.V., Davydenko Y.A., Gabyzov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1186">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1186</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Обзор посвящен эволюции лечения рака прямой кишки за более чем столетний период.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проследить основные этапы развития: от первых паллиативных вмешательств в конце XIX века до современных высокотехнологичных подходов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Статья основана на анализе широкого спектра отечественных и зарубежных источников.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Описаны ключевые исторические вехи, включая внедрение радикальных операций (операция Майлса, передняя резекция прямой кишки с формированием первичного анастомоза), революционное значение техники тотальной мезоректумэктомии (ТМЭ), становление комбинированного лечения с неоадъювантной терапией и развитие минимально инвазивных технологий (лапароскопия, роботическая хирургия, трансанальная ТМЭ). Особое внимание уделено смене парадигмы от максимального онкологического радикализма к стремлению сохранить качество жизни пациента, включая сфинктеросохраняющие операции. Статья также затрагивает современные проблемы, такие как синдром низкой передней резекции, и определяет перспективы персонализации лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Статья полезна для хирургов-онкологов и колопроктологов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This review is dedicated to the evolution of rectal cancer treatment over more than a century.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To trace the main stages of development: from the first palliative interventions at the end of the 19th century to modern high-tech approaches.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The article is based on an analysis of a wide range of domestic and foreign sources.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Key historical milestones are described, including the introduction of radical surgeries (Miles' operation, anterior rectal resection with primary anastomosis), the revolutionary significance of the total mesorectal excision technique, the establishment of combined treatment with neoadjuvant therapy, and the development of minimally invasive technologies (laparoscopy, robotic surgery, transanal total mesorectal excision). Special attention is paid to the paradigm shift from maximum oncological radicalism to the pursuit of preserving patient quality of life, including sphincter-preserving operations. The article also addresses current challenges, such as low anterior resection syndrome, and outlines prospects for treatment personalization.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The article is useful for surgical oncologists and coloproctologists.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>онкопроктология</kwd><kwd>сфинктеросохраняющая операция</kwd><kwd>колоректальный анастомоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>oncoproctology</kwd><kwd>sphincter-preserving surgery</kwd><kwd>colorectal anastomosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров В.Б. Рак прямой кишки. М. : Медицина. 1977.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov V.B. Rectal cancer. M. : Meditsina, 1977. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bodger K. Colorectal cancer. 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