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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2026-1-235-245</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-1180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERARY REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительные результаты выполнения низкой передней резекции прямой кишки без формирования превентивной стомы и с формированием превентивной трансверзостомы и/или илеостомы в плановом отделении: протокол многоцентрового рандомизированного контролируемого исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative results of performing low anterior rectal resection without the formation of a preventive stoma and with the formation of a preventive transverse ostomy and/or ileostomy in a routine ward: protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-3084</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнов Алексей Алексеевич – врач-онколог</p><p>194291, г. Санкт-Петербург, Выборгский район, пр. Луначарского,</p><p>45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smirnov Alexey Alekseevich – oncologist</p><p>194291, Saint Petersburg, Vyborg district, Lunacharsky Avenue, 45</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oncsmirnov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-9241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черниковский</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikovsky</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черниковский Илья Леонидович – кандидат медицинских наук, зав отделением онкоколопроктологии </p><p>143423, Московская область, городской округ Красногорск, пос. Истра, д. 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chernikovsky Ilya Leonidovich – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Oncocoloproctology</p><p>143423, Moscow Region, Krasnogorsk City District, pos. Istra,</p><p>27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">odindra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0249-4759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрыков</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khrykov</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хрыков Глеб Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по онкологии</p><p>194291, г. Санкт-Петербург, Выборгский район, пр. Луначарского,</p><p>45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khrykov Gleb Nikolaevich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Chief Physician for Oncology</p><p>194291, Saint Petersburg, Vyborg district, Lunacharsky Avenue, 45</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ghrykov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0643-489X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шереметьев</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheremetev</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шереметьев Данил Юрьевич – врач-онколог</p><p>194291, г. Санкт-Петербург, Выборгский район, пр. Луначарского,</p><p>45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sheremetev Danil Yurievich – oncologist</p><p>194291, Saint Petersburg, Vyborg district, Lunacharsky Avenue, 45</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.sheremetev1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8459-9889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аюпов</surname><given-names>Р. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayupov</surname><given-names>R. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аюпов Рустем Талгатович – кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части</p><p>450054, Уфа, Проспект Октября 73/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ayupov Rustem Talgatovich – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Affairs</p><p>450054, Ufa, Prospekt Oktyabrya 73/1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ru2003@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9270-8172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феоктистов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Feoktistov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Феоктистов Дмитрий Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-онколог, заведующий отделением абдоминальной онкологии 2, Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер</p><p>450054, Уфа, Проспект Октября 73/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Feoktistov Dmitry Vladimirovich – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Oncologist, Head of the Department of Abdominal Oncology 2, Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary</p><p>450054, Ufa, Prospekt Oktyabrya 73/1</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimafeoktistov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончаров Артем Леонидович – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий колопроктологическим отделением </p><p>121359, Маршала Тимошенко ул., д. 15, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Goncharov Artem Leonidovich – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Coloproctology Department </p><p>121359, Marshal Timoshenko Street, 15, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goncharovartemleo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9640-7541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чир-Чир</surname><given-names>Э. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chir-Chir</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чир-Чир Эмиль Марленович – врач-онколог</p><p>143423, Московская область, городской округ Красногорск, пос. Истра, д. 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chir-Chir Emil Marlenovich – oncologist</p><p>143423, Moscow Region, Krasnogorsk City District, pos. Istra,</p><p>27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goncharovartemleo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-4406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурлов</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burlov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурлов Никита Николаевич – врач-хирург хирургического отделения</p><p>624760, ул. Рабочей Молодежи, 2-а, Верхняя Салда, Свердловская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burlov NIkita Nikolaevich – surgeon of the Surgical Department</p><p>624760, 2-a Rabochaya Molodezha street., Verkhnyaya Salda, Sverdlovsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dikefsound@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2545-1911</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончарова Владислава Сергеевна – студент</p><p>127006, г. Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Goncharova Vladislava Sergeevna – student </p><p>127006, Moscow, Dolgorukovskaya str., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladislava.26@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ ЛОКБ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>GBUZ LOKB</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ "МГОБ № 62 ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>GBUZ "MGOB № 62 DZM</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ РКОД МЗ РБ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>GAUZ RCOD of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «ЦКБ с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBU "Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic" of the Department of the President of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ СО «Верхнесалдинская ЦРБ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HOUSE Verkhnesaldinskaya CRH</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBOU VO "Russian University of Medicine" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>235</fpage><lpage>245</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнов А.А., Черниковский И.Л., Хрыков Г.Н., Шереметьев Д.Ю., Аюпов Р.Т., Феоктистов Д.В., Гончаров А.Л., Чир-Чир Э.М., Бурлов Н.Н., Гончарова В.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.А., Черниковский И.Л., Хрыков Г.Н., Шереметьев Д.Ю., Аюпов Р.Т., Феоктистов Д.В., Гончаров А.Л., Чир-Чир Э.М., Бурлов Н.Н., Гончарова В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnov A.A., Chernikovsky I.L., Khrykov G.N., Sheremetev D.Y., Ayupov R.T., Feoktistov D.V., Goncharov A.L., Chir-Chir E.M., Burlov N.N., Goncharova V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1180">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1180</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Несостоятельность анастомоза после низкой передней резекции (НПР) – жизнеугрожающее осложнение. Формирование превентивной стомы – основной метод профилактики, но в свою очередь сопровождается снижением качества жизни и необходимостью повторной операции.</p><p>Цель – сравнить исходы НПР с тотальной мезоректумэктомией (ТМЭ) с и без превентивной стомы у пациентов с исходно низким риском несостоятельности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Многоцентровое РКИ включает пациентов с раком прямой кишки, перенесших лапароскопическую НПР с ТМЭ при низком риске несостоятельности. Изучаемая группа – пациенты без формирования стомы, контрольная – со схожими характеристиками, но с формированием превентивной илео- или трансверзостомы.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Вопрос целесообразности стомы при низком риске остается нерешенным. Для его изучения разработан протокол многоцентрового РКИ RELOAD-trial.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты покажут частоту несостоятельностей, непосредственные исходы, качество жизни и частоту синдрома НПР в сравниваемых группах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Anastomotic leak after low anterior resection (LAR) is a life-threatening complication. Preventive stoma formation is the primary method of prevention, but is associated with decreased quality of life and the need for reoperation. Objective: To compare the outcomes of LAR with total mesorectumectomy (TME) with and without a preventive stoma in patients with a low initial risk of leakage.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This multicenter RCT included patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic LAR with TME at a low risk of leakage. The study group consisted of patients without stoma formation, while the control group consisted of patients with similar characteristics but with a preventive ileostomy or transverse ileostomy.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The advisability of a stoma in low-risk patients remains unresolved. A protocol for a multicenter RCT, the RELOAD-trial, was developed to investigate this issue.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results will show the incidence of leaks, immediate outcomes, quality of life, and the incidence of ileostomy syndrome in the compared groups.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>тотальная мезоректумэктомия</kwd><kwd>превентивная стома</kwd><kwd>рандомизированное исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>total mesorectumectomy</kwd><kwd>preventive stoma</kwd><kwd>randomized trial</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2024 году. Под ред. Каприна А.Д., Старинского В.В., Шахзадовой А.О. М. : МНИОИ им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2025. 275 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The State of Oncological Care for the Population of Russia in 2024.  Edited by A. D. Kaprin, V. V. 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DOI: 10.1007/s10151021-02436-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
