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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2026-1-106-115</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-1163</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОРАКАЛЬНАЯ ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THORACAL SURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности и риски диагностических оперативных вмешательств на грудной клетке у ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities and risks of diagnostic chest surgery in HIV-positive patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-0426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абу Аркуб</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abu Arkub</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абу Аркуб Тамила Исмаиловна – торакальный хирург туберкулезного хирургического отделения клиники № 2; Соискатель кафедры фтизиатрии  </p><p>107014, Москва, ул. Барболина, д. 3</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abu Arkub Tamila Ismailovna – Thoracic surgeon of surgery department; Applicant for the Department of Phthisiology</p><p>107014, Barbolin st, 3, Moscow</p><p>650056, Kemerovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tamila89.07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-9319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барский</surname><given-names>Б. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barsky</surname><given-names>B. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барский Борис Григорьевич – к.м.н., заведующий туберкулезным хирургическим отделением клиники № 2 </p><p>107014, Москва, ул. Барболина, д.3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Barsky Boris Grigorievich – PhD, Chief of surgical department </p><p>107014, Barbolin st, 3, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bbarsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6659-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плоткин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotkin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плоткин Дмитрий Владимирович – д.м.н., доцент, врач-хирург туберкулезного хирургического отделения № 2 клиники № 2; профессор кафедры общей хирургии им. В.М. Буянова института хирургии</p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, дом 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Plotkin Dmitry Vladimirovich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Surgeon; Professor of Buyanov General Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kn13@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-1606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Евгений Алексеевич – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры общей хирургии им. В.М. Буянова института хирургии </p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, дом 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepanov Evgenii Alekseevich – Associate Professor of the Department of Buyanov General Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">step.evg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8951-5219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицын</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синицын Михаил Валерьевич – д.м.н., заместитель главного врача по хирургии НМИЦ фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний Минздрава России, профессор кафедры фтизиатрии Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования</p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, дом 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sinitsyn Mikhail Valerievich – MD, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgery, Professor of the Department of Phthisiology </p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msinitsyn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of Moscow Health Department, Cliniс №2; "Kemerovo State Medical University", Ministry of Healthcare</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of Moscow Health Department, Cliniс №2</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский Национальный Исследовательский Медицинский Университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Control of Moscow Health Department, Cliniс №2; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский Национальный Исследовательский Медицинский Университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский Национальный Исследовательский Медицинский Университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБУ «НМИЦ ФПИ» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Institution "NMITs FPI" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абу Аркуб Т.И., Барский Б.Г., Плоткин Д.В., Степанов Е.А., Синицын М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абу Аркуб Т.И., Барский Б.Г., Плоткин Д.В., Степанов Е.А., Синицын М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abu Arkub T.I., Barsky B.G., Plotkin D.V., Stepanov E.A., Sinitsyn M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1163">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1163</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Дифференциальная диагностика поражений легких у лиц, живущих с ВИЧ, представляет значительные сложности, так как клинико-рентгенологическая картина и лабораторные данные при различных заболеваниях неспецифичны, что в ряде случаев требует морфологическую верификацию.</p><p>Целью данного исследования является изучение возможность и безопасность проведения диагностических операций на легких у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с различным иммунным статусом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В период с 2014 по 2023 годы на базе кафедры фтизиатрии ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России с использованием клинического материала ГБУЗ «Кузбасский клинический фтизиопульмонологический медицинский центр им. И.Ф. Копыловой» и ГБУЗ «Московский научно-практический центр», для верификации диагноза было выполнено 404 диагностических хирургических вмешательств, из них 111– у ВИЧ инфицированных.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследование операционного материала позволило установить окончательный диагноз всем 404 пациентам (результативность 100 %). В основной группе (ВИЧ+) доминировал туберкулез – 69 (62,2 %) случаев. Среди заболеваний нетуберкулезной этиологии (42 пациента, 37,8 %) наиболее часто встречались нетуберкулезные микобактериозы (21,4 %) и неспецифические плевриты (21,4 %). На долю саркоидоза приходилось 11,9 % наблюдений, рака легкого до 14,3 %. В контрольной группе (ВИЧ–) туберкулез диагностирован у 141 (48,1 %) пациента. Среди нетуберкулезных процессов (152 пациента, 51,9 %) преобладали рак легкого (34,2 %) и саркоидоз (17,8 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Современные хирургические вмешательства для диагностики заболеваний органов грудной клетки являются безопасными для пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией и высокоэффективными для постановки окончательного диагноза, что критически важно для назначения правильного лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Differential diagnosis of lung lesions in individuals living with HIV presents significant challenges, as the clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings for various diseases are nonspecific, requiring morphological verification in some cases.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to study the feasibility and safety of diagnostic lung surgery in HIV-infected patients with varying immune status.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. From 2014 to 2023, 404 diagnostic surgical interventions were performed to verify the diagnosis at the Department of Phthisiology of the Kemerovo State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, using clinical data from the I.F. Kopylova Kuzbass Clinical Phthisiopulmonology Medical Center and the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center, including 111 in HIV-infected individuals.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The examination of surgical material allowed us to establish a definitive diagnosis in all 404 patients (100 % success rate). In the study group (HIV+), tuberculosis was the predominant disease, accounting for 69 (62,2 %) cases. Among non-tuberculous diseases (42 patients, 37,8 %), the most common were non-tuberculous mycobacterioses (21,4 %) and non-specific pleurisy (21,4 %). Sarcoidosis accounted for 11,9 % of cases, and lung cancer, up to 14,3 %. In the control group (HIV–), tuberculosis was diagnosed in 141 (48,1 %) patients. Among non-tuberculous processes (152 patients, 51,9 %), lung cancer (34,2 %) and sarcoidosis (17,8 %) predominated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Modern surgical procedures for diagnosing chest diseases are safe for patients with HIV infection and highly effective for establishing a definitive diagnosis, which is critical for appropriate treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>хирургические вмешательства</kwd><kwd>иммунный статус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>surgical procedures</kwd><kwd>immune status</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Pneumocystis pneumonia--Los Angeles. 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