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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2026-2-238-245</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-1139</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERARY REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Предоперационная эмболизация щитовидных артерий при тиреоидэктомии у пациентов с большим зобом (III–V степени) и диффузном токсическом зобе (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Preoperative thyroid artery embolization in thyroidectomy patients with big goiter (III-V degree) and diffuse toxic goiter (literary review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8746-0625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурзиева</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burzieva</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурзиева Марина Борисовна – врач-хирург.</p><p>117593, Москва, ул. Севастопольский проспект 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina B. Burzieva – surgeon, Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.</p><p>117593, Sevastopolsky Prospekt 66, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">burzievamarina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8402-4584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сорокин Виталий Геннадиевич – кандидат медицинских наук, врач по рентгенэндоваскулярным диагностике и лечению, ассистент кафедры по рентгенэндоваскулярным методам диагностики и лечения ИНОПР ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет); заведующий отделением рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения, ММЦ ЦБ РФ.</p><p>Москва, ул. Остовитянова, д. 1; 117593, Москва, ул. Севастопольский проспект 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly G. Sorokin – сandidate of Medical Sciences, Doctor of X-ray Endovascular Diagnostics and Treatment, Assistant of the Department of X-ray Endovascular Methods of Diagnostics and Treatment of the Institute of Advanced Medical Technologies of the Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Pirogov University); Head of the Department of X-ray Surgical Methods of Diagnostics and Treatment. Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.</p><p>117593, Sevastopolsky Prospekt 66, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Sorokin-vg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2038-7293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таривердиев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tariverdiev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Таривердиев Андрей Михайлович – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-хирург, врач-колопроктолог, заведующий хирургическим отделением.</p><p>117593, Москва, ул. Севастопольский проспект 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey M. Tariverdiev – candidate of Medical Sciences, Surgeon, Head of the Surgery Department. Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.</p><p>117593, Sevastopolsky Prospekt 66, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.tariverdiev@surgeons.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7072-0837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безунов</surname><given-names>Е. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezunov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Безунов Евгений Андреевич – врач-эндокринолог.</p><p>117593, Москва, ул. Севастопольский проспект 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy A. Bezunov – endocrinologist. Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.</p><p>117593, Sevastopolsky Prospekt 66, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">johnson_89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7211-8313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казаков</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казаков Иван Вячеславович – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-хирург, врач-онколог, заместитель директора, заместитель главного врача по лечебно-диагностической работе.</p><p>117593, Москва, ул. Севастопольский проспект 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Kazakov – сandidate of Medical Sciences, Surgeon, Deputy Director, Deputy Chief Physician for Medical and Diagnostic Work. Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.</p><p>117593, Sevastopolsky Prospekt 66, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kazakoviv@cbr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8727-6111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берелавичус</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berelavichus</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Берелавичус Станислав Валерьевич – доктор медицинских наук, директор.</p><p>117593, Москва, ул. Севастопольский проспект 66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav V. Berelavichus – doctor of Medical Sciences, Director of the Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.</p><p>117593, Sevastopolsky Prospekt 66, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berelavichussv@cbr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Многопрофильный Медицинский Центр Центрального Банка Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Multidisciplinary Medical Center of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>238</fpage><lpage>245</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бурзиева М.Б., Сорокин В.Г., Таривердиев А.М., Безунов Е.A., Казаков И.В., Берелавичус С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бурзиева М.Б., Сорокин В.Г., Таривердиев А.М., Безунов Е.A., Казаков И.В., Берелавичус С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Burzieva M.B., Sorokin V.G., Tariverdiev A.M., Bezunov E.A., Kazakov I.V., Berelavichus S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1139">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1139</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Операции на щитовидной железе относятся к технически сложным видам хирургического вмешательства, что связано с тесным топографическим взаимоотношением щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) с жизненно важными анатомическими структурами шеи человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: проанализировать результаты опубликованных научных исследований по двухэтапному хирургическому лечению щитовидной железы, для оценки эффективности, безопасности выполнения селективной эмболизации тиреоидных артерий (СЭТА) перед тиреоидэктомией. Оценить способы, клинические результаты и осложнения СЭТА, как первого этапа тиреоидэктомии у пациентов с большим зобом (III–V степени) и диффузным токсическим зобом (ДТЗ). Улучшение хирургических результатов тиреоидэкомии у данной группы пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Анализ 42 научных публикаций. Из них 8 отечественных, 34 зарубежных. Анализ способов и результатов выполнения гибридных вмешательств на щитовидной железе, в качестве подготовки к тиреоидэктомии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ публикаций показал, что тиреоидэктомия у данной группы пациентов сопряжено с высоким риском кровотечения, что повышает риск травматизации жизненно важных анатомических структур: гортанные нервы, пищевод, трахея, околощитовидные железы. СЭТА, как первый этап хирургического лечения большого зоба и ДТЗ - перспективный, воспроизводимый, безопасный и эффективный способ профилактики интраоперационного кровотечения. Однако, проведение СЭТА сопряжено с рисками эмболии нецелевых сосудов, в том числе сосудов головного мозга. СЭТА снижает кровоснабжение щитовидной железы, при этом венозный отток крови остается неограниченным – это создает потенциальный риск усугубления тиреотоксикоза, что может быть особенно важно у пожилых людей с сопутствующей патологией – ишемической болезнью сердца или тяжелой аритмией.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Хирургическое лечение пациентов с большим зобом III–Vст., а также с ДТЗ является технически сложным вмешательством. Это связано с высокими рисками кровотечения, ввиду высокой васкуляризации и объема щитовидной железы, что повышает риск травматизации прилежащих структур. СЭТА, как первый этап хирургического лечения, согласно опубликованным данным, зарекомендовал себя как перспективный, эффективный и безопасный способ подготовки к тиреоидэктомии. В свою очередь, несмотря на высокую эффективность, методика сопряжена с рисками усугубления признаков тиреотоксикоза при ДТЗ, а также возможной эмболии нецелевых сосудов. В связи с этим, необходимо определение четкого временного интервала между этапами гибридного вмешательства, требуется определение характера эмболизирующих материалов для выполнения СЭТА, позволяющих минимизировать нежелательные последствия и повысить безопасность выполнения тиреоидэктомии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Thyroid surgery is a technically complex type of surgical intervention, which is associated with the close topographic relationship of the thyroid gland with the vital anatomical structures of the human neck.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyze the results of published scientific studies on two-stage surgical treatment of thyroid gland in order to determine an effective, safe method for performing selective embolization of thyroid arteries (SETA) before thyroidectomy. Evaluate methods, clinical outcomes, and complications of SETA as a first stage of thyroidectomy in patients with large goiter (grades III–V) and diffuse toxic goiter (DTG). Improve surgical outcomes of thyroidectomy.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A total of scientific publications were analyzed, including domestic and 3 foreign ones. Methods and results of hybrid interventions on the thyroid gland performed as preparation for thyroidectomy were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Analysis of publications showed that thyroidectomy in this group of patients is associated with a high risk of bleeding, which increases the risk of injury to vital anatomical structures such as laryngeal nerves, esophagus, trachea, and parathyroid glands. SETA, as the first stage of surgical treatment for large goiters and DTG, has proven to be a promising, reproducible, safe, and effective way to prevent intraoperative hemorrhage. Additionally, performance of SETA carries risks of embolization of non-target vessels, including those of the brain. SETА reduces the blood supply to the thyroid gland, while venous outflow of blood remains unrestricted – this creates a potential risk of worsening thyrotoxicosis, which may be especially important in elderly people with coronary heart disease or severe arrhythmia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Surgical treatment of patients with large grade III-V goiters is technically complex due to the high risk of bleeding caused by intense vascularization of the thyroid gland, leading to increased risk of damage to adjacent structures. SETA, as the first stage of surgical intervention, has established itself as a promising, effective, and safe method for preparing for thyroidectomy. Despite its high efficacy, the technique is associated with risks of worsening symptoms of thyrotoxicosis and possible embolization of non-target vessels. Therefore, it is necessary to define a clear time interval between stages of hybrid intervention, identify embolic materials suitable for performing SETA that minimize adverse events, and ensure safe performance of thyroidectomy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диффузный токсический зоб</kwd><kwd>ДТЗ</kwd><kwd>большой зоб</kwd><kwd>двухэтапная тиреоидэктомия</kwd><kwd>селективная эмболизация артерий щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>СЭТА</kwd><kwd>гибридная тиреоидэктомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Diffuse Toxic Goiter (DTG)</kwd><kwd>Large Goiter</kwd><kwd>Two-Stage Thyroidectomy</kwd><kwd>Selective Embolization of Thyroid Arteries (SETA)</kwd><kwd>hybrid thyroidectomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Тиреотоксикоз с диффузным зобом (болезнь Грейвса), узловым/многоузловым зобом»: утв. 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