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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mossj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Surgical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-3180</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ПРОФИЛЬ – 2С»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2072-3180-2025-4-228-234</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mossj-1108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERARY REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лейомиома пищевода: современные аспекты диагностики и лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Esophageal leiomyoma: modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1317-6162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хмара</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khmara</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хмара Артём Дмитриевич – к.м.н., врач-хирург торакального хирургического отделения </p><p>410012, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112, г. Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khmara Artem Dmitrievich – Candidate of Medical Sciences, surgeon at the Thoracic Surgical Department </p><p>410012, Bolshaya Kazachya St., 112, Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">premdania@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-7928</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капралов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapralov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Капралов Сергей Владимирович – д.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой факультетской хирургии и онкологии </p><p>410012, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112, г. Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kapralov Sergey Vladimirovich – Doctor of Medicine Sciences, associate professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology </p><p>410012, Bolshaya Kazachya St., 112, Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergejkapralov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7538-7412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полиданов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polivanov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полиданов Максим Андреевич – специалист научно-исследовательского отдела, ассистент кафедры медико-биологических дисциплин </p><p>198099, ул. Калинина, д. 8, кор. 2, лит. А, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polidanov Maxim Andreevich – Research department specialist, assistant of the Department of Biomedical Disciplines </p><p>198099, Kalinina St., 8, bld. 2, lit. A, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7175-5695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чупахин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chupakhin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чупахин Николай Владимирович – к.м.н., доцент кафедры факультетской хирургии и онкологии </p><p>410012, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112, г. Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chupakhin Nikolay Vladimirovich – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology </p><p>410012, Bolshaya Kazachya St., 112, Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Chupakhin-nik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбунова Елена Сергеевна – ассистент кафедры факультетской хирургии и онкологии </p><p>410012, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112, г. Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gorbunova Elena Sergeevna – Assistant of the Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology </p><p>410012, Bolshaya Kazachya St., 112, Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepelena@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3803-2644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волков Кирилл Андреевич – студент 4 курса лечебного факультета </p><p>410012, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112, г. Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Volkov Kirill Andreevich – 4-th year student of the Faculty of Medicine </p><p>410012, Bolshaya Kazachya St., 112, Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kvolee@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0782-4297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юанов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuanov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юанов Аслан Аскербиевич – д.м.н., профессор кафедры хирургии и онкологии </p><p>410012, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112, г. Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuanov Aslan Askerbievich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Surgery and Oncology </p><p>410012, Bolshaya Kazachya St., 112, Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alyka072@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-4363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Россоловский</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rossolovsky</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россоловский Антон Николаевич – д.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры урологии </p><p>410012, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112, г. Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rossolovsky Anton Nikolaevich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Urology </p><p>410012, Bolshaya Kazachya St., 112, Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухамеджанов</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhamedzhanov</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухамеджанов Денис Булатович – врач-хирург, заведующий эндоскопическим отделением </p><p>410012, ул. Большая Казачья, д. 112, г. Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mukhamedzhanov Denis Bulatovich – Surgeon, Head of the Endoscopic Department </p><p>410012, Bolshaya Kazachya St., 112, Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksim.polidanoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ратушняк</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ratushnyak</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ратушняк Александр Анатольевич – студент 3 курса стоматологического факультета </p><p>198099, ул. Калинина, д. 8, кор. 2, лит. А, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ratushnyak Aleksandr Anatolyevich – 3-rd year student at the Faculty of Dentistry </p><p>198099, Kalinina St., 8, bld. 2, lit. A, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.ratushnyak@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В.И. Разумовского» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЧУОО ВО «Университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University «Reaviz»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>228</fpage><lpage>234</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хмара А.Д., Капралов С.В., Полиданов М.А., Чупахин Н.В., Горбунова Е.С., Волков К.А., Юанов А.А., Россоловский А.Н., Мухамеджанов Д.Б., Ратушняк А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хмара А.Д., Капралов С.В., Полиданов М.А., Чупахин Н.В., Горбунова Е.С., Волков К.А., Юанов А.А., Россоловский А.Н., Мухамеджанов Д.Б., Ратушняк А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khmara A.D., Kapralov S.V., Polivanov M.A., Chupakhin N.V., Gorbunova E.S., Volkov K.A., Yuanov A.A., Rossolovsky A.N., Mukhamedzhanov D.B., Ratushnyak А.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1108">https://www.mossj.ru/jour/article/view/1108</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Актуальность изучения лейомиом пищевода обусловлена необходимостью дифференциальной диагностики злокачественных процессов, а также выбором оптимальной тактики лечения. Цель исследования. Рассмотрение современных аспекты диагностики и лечения лейомиом пищевода. Материалы и методы исследования. Для анализа использовались различные базы данных, такие как MedLine, Science Direct, PubMed и eLIBRARY. ru. Поиск осуществлялся по ключевым словам. Методы исследования включали аналитический анализ и обобщение данных. Результаты. Выбор метода хирургического лечения должен основываться на тщательной оценке каждого конкретного случая. Согласно клиническим рекомендациям, торакоскопия предпочтительна при опухолях размером 2–5 см, наличии опытной хирургической команды и отсутствии тяжелой сопутствующей патологии. Открытые операции остаются методом выбора при гигантских лейомиомах, центральной локализации у кардии и сочетании с другими заболеваниями пищевода. Заключение. Современные исследования подтверждают, что при правильном отборе пациентов торакоскопические методики обеспечивают сопоставимую радикальность при значительном снижении травматичности вмешательства. Однако окончательное решение должно приниматься с учетом всех клинических факторов и технических возможностей медицинского учреждения. При гигантских опухолях и сложной локализации открытые операции сохраняют свою актуальность. Современные исследования показывают, что торакоскопические методики при правильном отборе пациентов обеспечивают аналогичную радикальность при значительном снижении травматичности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The relevance of studying esophageal leiomyomas lies in the necessity of differential diagnosis with malignant processes and the selection of an optimal treatment strategy. Objective of the study: To review current aspects of diagnosis and treatment of esophageal leiomyomas. Materials and Methods. For the analysis, various databases were used, including MedLine, Science Direct, PubMed, and eLIBRARY.ru. The search was conducted using keywords. Research methods included analytical analysis and generalization of data. Results. The choice of surgical treatment should be based on a thorough evaluation of each individual case. According to clinical guidelines, thoracoscopy is preferred for tumors measuring 2–5 cm, availability of an experienced surgical team, and absence of severe comorbid pathology. Open surgeries remain the method of choice for giant leiomyomas, central localization near the cardia, and cases combined with other esophageal diseases. Conclusion. Modern studies confirm that thoracoscopic techniques provide comparable radicality with significantly reduced invasiveness when patients are properly selected. However, the final decision must consider all clinical factors and the technical capabilities of the medical facility. Open surgeries remain relevant for giant tumors and complex localizations. Current evidence demonstrates that thoracoscopic approaches, under appropriate patient selection, achieve equivalent efficacy while minimizing procedural trauma.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лейомиома пищевода</kwd><kwd>злокачественный процесс</kwd><kwd>малоинвазивные хирургические методики</kwd><kwd>видеоторакоскопические операции</kwd><kwd>лапароскопические операции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Esophageal leiomyoma</kwd><kwd>malignant process</kwd><kwd>minimally invasive surgical techniques</kwd><kwd>videothoracoscopic procedures (VATS)</kwd><kwd>laparoscopic procedures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давыдов М.И., Тер-Ованесов М.Д. Хирургия пищевода. 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